Nursing Elites

1. Myxedema coma is a life-threatening complication of long-standing and untreated hypothyroidism with one of the following characteristics.

• A. Hyperglycemia
• B. Hypothermia
• C. Hyperthermia
• D. Hypoglycemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Myxedema coma is associated with hypothermia, not hyperthermia. Therefore, the correct characteristic of myxedema coma is hypothermia. This condition is a medical emergency that requires prompt recognition and intervention to prevent serious complications. The presence of hyperglycemia is not a defining characteristic of myxedema coma, making choice A the correct answer in this case. Hyperthermia and hypoglycemia are not typically seen in myxedema coma and are not consistent with the clinical presentation of this condition.

2. What is the most important concern immediately after a myocardial infarction?

• A. Reducing cholesterol intake
• B. Allowing cardiac rest for healing
• C. Reducing saturated fat intake
• D. Eating several small meals each day

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Immediately after a myocardial infarction, the primary concern is to allow the heart to rest and heal to prevent further damage. This is why choice B is the correct answer. While choices A, C, and D might be a part of the long-term management plan following a myocardial infarction, they are not the immediate priority. Reducing cholesterol and saturated fat intake, as well as adjusting eating habits can help prevent future heart issues, but do not directly contribute to the immediate recovery post-myocardial infarction.

3. To raise HDL levels, what is Mrs. Smith advised to do?

• A. quit smoking
• B. increase dietary sodium
• C. take iron supplements
• D. avoid dairy products

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: quit smoking. Smoking lowers HDL levels, so quitting smoking is crucial to raising HDL levels. Increasing dietary sodium (choice B) is not linked to raising HDL levels and can have negative effects on cardiovascular health. Taking iron supplements (choice C) is not directly related to increasing HDL levels. Avoiding dairy products (choice D) is not necessary to raise HDL levels; in fact, some dairy products like low-fat options can be part of a heart-healthy diet.

4. During an initial visit with an older adult client living alone and having difficulty preparing meals, what should the home health nurse do first?

• A. Discuss nutritional requirements with the client.
• B. Refer the client to a senior citizen center.
• C. Arrange for a home-delivered meal program.
• D. Perform a nutrition screening.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Performing a nutrition screening is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take first. This allows the nurse to assess the client's current nutritional status and identify any specific needs. Discussing nutritional requirements with the client (Choice A) may be important but should come after the initial assessment. Referring the client to a senior citizen center (Choice B) or arranging for a home-delivered meal program (Choice C) are actions that may be considered later based on the findings of the nutrition screening.

5. A nurse provides discharge instructions to a client about the food items that interact with warfarin effectiveness. Which food item indicates that the teaching was effective?

• A. Cauliflower
• B. Zucchini
• C. Green beans
• D. Broccoli

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cauliflower is high in vitamin K, which can interact with warfarin.

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