Nursing Elites

1. How many calories are contained in a food that has 15 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat?

• A. 106
• B. 124
• C. 166
• D. 202

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the total calories in a food item, you can use the following conversions: every 1 gram of carbohydrate provides 4 calories, 1 gram of protein provides 4 calories, and 1 gram of fat provides 9 calories. Therefore, for this food item, multiply 15 grams of carbohydrates by 4 calories/gram, 4 grams of protein by 4 calories/gram, and 10 grams of fat by 9 calories/gram. The calculation would be (15 * 4) + (4 * 4) + (10 * 9) = 60 + 16 + 90 = 166 calories. Choice A (106) is incorrect because it does not consider the calories from fat. Choice B (124) is incorrect as it underestimates the calories by not including all macronutrients. Choice D (202) is incorrect as it overestimates the calories by adding up the values incorrectly.

2. Which nutrient is critical for wound healing and immune function?

• A. Vitamin B12
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen formation and immune function.

3. The recommended treatment modality in clients with obsessive-compulsive disorder is:

• A. Psychotherapy
• B. Behavior therapy
• C. Aversion therapy
• D. Psychoanalysis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recommended treatment modality for clients with obsessive-compulsive disorder is Behavior Therapy, not Psychoanalysis. Behavior therapy, specifically exposure and response prevention, is considered the first-line treatment for OCD. This therapy focuses on changing the patterns of behavior that contribute to the disorder. Psychotherapy, although beneficial in some cases, is not as effective as behavior therapy for OCD. Aversion therapy involves associating a stimulus with a negative outcome to reduce the frequency of a specific behavior, which is not the primary approach for OCD.

4. A patient is being cared for by a nurse who has stomatitis following radiation treatment. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention for the nurse to take?

• A. Serve foods without sauces or gravies
• B. Offer mouth rinses with normal saline and water
• C. Serve foods while still at a hot temperature
• D. Instruct the client to drink liquids without a straw

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Offering mouth rinses with normal saline and water is an appropriate intervention for a nurse caring for a patient with stomatitis following radiation treatment. This intervention can help soothe and clean the mouth, promoting comfort and oral hygiene. Choice A is incorrect because serving foods without sauces or gravies does not directly address the client's stomatitis. Choice C is incorrect because serving hot foods can exacerbate discomfort in the client's mouth. Choice D is incorrect because using a straw can help in preventing further irritation in the client's mouth.

5. A client who follows the dietary laws of Orthodox Judaism is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following meal choices should the nurse request for the client?

• A. Turkey and cheese sandwich
• B. Spaghetti with tomato sauce
• C. Pork chop and applesauce
• D. Scrambled eggs and bacon

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct meal choice for a client following the dietary laws of Orthodox Judaism is 'Spaghetti with tomato sauce.' Orthodox Judaism prohibits mixing meat and dairy and consuming pork. The other choices - 'Turkey and cheese sandwich' (mixing meat and dairy), 'Pork chop and applesauce' (contains pork), and 'Scrambled eggs and bacon' (mixing meat and dairy) - do not adhere to the kosher dietary laws.

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