Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the GI tract?

• A. produce bile
• B. kill bacteria
• C. produce vitamin K
• D. increase the surface area for absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Villi and microvilli in the GI tract serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine, aiding in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as villi and microvilli are primarily involved in enhancing absorption, not in producing bile, killing bacteria, or producing vitamin K.

2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about food choices with the mother of an 8-month-old infant. Which of the following statements by the mother indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. I will give my child strained carrots and mashed egg yolks.
• B. I will give my child rice cereal and crackers.
• C. I will give my child pureed liver and strained pears.
• D. I will give my child applesauce and green peas.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Choice B, 'I will give my child rice cereal and crackers,' indicates a need for further teaching. Infants should not be given crackers at 8 months of age due to the risk of choking. Rice cereal is appropriate for infants, but it should be introduced carefully to avoid digestive issues. Choices A, C, and D are appropriate food choices for an 8-month-old infant, providing a variety of nutrients and textures suitable for their age and developmental stage.

3. A client with stomatitis is receiving teaching from a nurse. Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. "I will drink liquids through a straw."?
• B. "I will season foods with dried spices before cooking."?
• C. "I will rinse my mouth with baking soda and water frequently."?
• D. "I will eat frozen bananas as a snack."?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is, "I will rinse my mouth with baking soda and water frequently."? Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous lining in the mouth, and rinsing with baking soda and water can be too abrasive and further irritate the condition. Choices A, B, and D are appropriate self-care measures for a client with stomatitis and do not indicate a need for further teaching.

4. Which statement about essential nutrients should the nurse include?

• A. Fat-containing foods can help to decrease triglyceride levels.
• B. Animal sources of protein contain 20 essential amino acids.
• C. Carbohydrates are the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain.
• D. High-fiber foods are a good source of energy.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because carbohydrates are indeed the primary source of fuel for muscles and the brain. Choice A is incorrect because while certain fats are essential, they do not help decrease triglyceride levels. Choice B is incorrect because animal sources of protein do not contain all 20 essential amino acids. Choice D is incorrect because although high-fiber foods are important for digestion and overall health, they are not a direct source of energy.

5. Which food items should be consumed with nonheme iron to increase its absorption, according to a nurse's education plan for clients?

• A. Kiwi
• B. Strawberries
• C. Coffee
• D. Kiwi and Strawberries

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kiwi and Strawberries. Both of these fruits are high in vitamin C, a nutrient known to enhance the absorption of nonheme iron. Vitamin C facilitates the conversion of nonheme iron into a form that is more readily absorbed by the body, thereby enhancing iron intake. In contrast, coffee (Choice C) contains certain compounds that can actually inhibit the absorption of iron, making it a less desirable choice when the goal is to increase iron absorption. Consequently, Choices A (Kiwi), B (Strawberries), and C (Coffee) were specifically picked to highlight the varying effects of different food items on nonheme iron absorption.

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