Nursing Elites

1. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges state that half of your calories should come from protein.

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement is FALSE. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges recommend that 10-35% of daily calories come from protein, not half. The remaining calories should be derived from a combination of carbohydrates and fats to ensure a balanced diet. Choosing option A is incorrect because it misinterprets the recommended percentage for protein intake. Options C and D are left blank as they are not applicable to the question.

2. In PEM, which condition is characterized by symptoms such as muscle weakness, hanging skin, delayed tooth eruption, and changes in saliva?

• A. Marasmus
• B. Kwashiorkor
• C. Anemia
• D. Noma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Marasmus. Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that leads to muscle wasting, hanging skin, delayed growth, and changes in saliva. These symptoms are commonly seen in vulnerable populations such as children, homeless individuals, older adults, and substance abusers. Kwashiorkor, on the other hand, is characterized by edema, a distended belly, and skin lesions. Anemia is a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count, leading to fatigue and weakness. Noma is a severe infection affecting the face, particularly the mouth and jaw area.

3. Which term is used to describe populations located in lower income, inner city, and rural areas with few supermarkets but numerous small stores stocking limited nutritious food items?

• A. Food fad
• B. Food insecurity
• C. Food desert
• D. Food patterns

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A food desert refers to areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, often found in lower-income urban and rural areas.

4. To raise HDL levels, what is Mrs. Smith advised to do?

• A. quit smoking
• B. increase dietary sodium
• C. take iron supplements
• D. avoid dairy products

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: quit smoking. Smoking lowers HDL levels, so quitting smoking is crucial to raising HDL levels. Increasing dietary sodium (choice B) is not linked to raising HDL levels and can have negative effects on cardiovascular health. Taking iron supplements (choice C) is not directly related to increasing HDL levels. Avoiding dairy products (choice D) is not necessary to raise HDL levels; in fact, some dairy products like low-fat options can be part of a heart-healthy diet.

5. A client who is breastfeeding is being taught diet modification by a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should drink an 8-ounce glass of water each time my baby nurses.
• B. I should take a 1500-milligram iron supplement daily.
• C. I can eat a 2500-calorie daily diet to lose 1 lb per week.
• D. I can eat ounces of swordfish daily.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because drinking an 8-ounce glass of water each time the baby nurses helps maintain hydration and support milk production. Choice B is incorrect as the need for iron supplementation should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect as a 2500-calorie diet is not typically recommended for weight loss during breastfeeding. Choice D is incorrect as consuming high levels of swordfish is not advisable due to its mercury content, which can be harmful to the baby.

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