Nursing Elites

1. Small-for-date infants __________ than preterm infants.

• A. catch fewer infections during the first year
• B. are less likely to die during the first year
• C. more often show evidence of brain damage
• D. have higher intelligence tests by middle childhood

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Small-for-date infants more often show evidence of brain damage than preterm infants. This can be attributed to factors such as intrauterine growth restriction and poor nutrition during pregnancy, which can affect the development of the baby's brain. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because there is no evidence to support that small-for-date infants catch fewer infections, are less likely to die, or have higher intelligence tests compared to preterm infants.

2. The immune response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy __________ in the body.

• A. T cells
• B. B cells
• C. telomeres
• D. antigens

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, antigens. Antigens are substances recognized by the immune system as foreign, triggering an immune response to neutralize or destroy them. In this context, T cells and B cells are specialized cells of the immune system that respond to antigens, but they are not the substances being neutralized or destroyed. Telomeres, on the other hand, are protective structures at the end of chromosomes and are not targeted for neutralization or destruction by the immune system.

3. __________ doubles the risk of SIDS.

• A. Failure to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep
• B. Use of a pacifier or a security blanket
• C. Placing an infant to sleep on his back
• D. Cigarette smoking by a caregiver Answer: D Page Ref: 106 Box: BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT: The Mysterious Tragedy of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Skill Level: Understand Topic: The Newborn Baby’s Capacities Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cigarette smoking by a caregiver doubles the risk of SIDS. Secondhand smoke exposure can increase the likelihood of SIDS due to the toxins and chemicals present in cigarette smoke. It is important to have a smoke-free environment for infants to reduce the risk of SIDS.

4. Developmental science is __________ because it has grown through the combined efforts of people from many fields of study.

• A. interdisciplinary
• B. empirical
• C. applied
• D. theoretical

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Correct answer: Developmental science is interdisciplinary because it integrates knowledge from multiple fields like psychology, biology, and sociology. The term 'empirical' refers to information gained from observation or experimentation, which is not the focus of this question. 'Applied' and 'theoretical' do not capture the essence of developmental science requiring inputs from various disciplines.

5. A 20-week-old fetus can __________.

• A. be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds
• B. survive, if born early
• C. breathe without oxygen assistance, if born early
• D. control its own body temperature Answer: A Page Ref: 80 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A 20-week-old fetus is able to be stimulated as well as irritated by sounds because by this stage of prenatal development, the fetus's auditory system is already well-developed. It can respond to external sounds and may even startle or move in reaction to loud noises.

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