Nursing Elites

1. Maternal high blood glucose _________.

• A. can cause Rh factor incompatibility
• B. is linked to poorer memory in early childhood
• C. is linked to low birth weight
• D. can cause the mother's blood pressure to increase sharply

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Maternal high blood glucose is linked to poorer memory in early childhood. Research has shown that exposure to high levels of maternal blood glucose during pregnancy may negatively impact a child's memory development in early childhood. This highlights the importance of managing blood glucose levels during pregnancy for the health and development of the child. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the established link between maternal high blood glucose and poorer memory in early childhood. Rh factor incompatibility is related to blood type differences between the mother and the fetus, low birth weight can be linked to various factors other than maternal blood glucose, and sharp increases in the mother's blood pressure are not directly associated with maternal high blood glucose.

2. __________ theory was the first to stress the influence of the early parent‒child relationship on development.

• A. Darwin’s
• B. Freud’s
• C. Erikson’s
• D. Watson’s Answer: B Page Ref: 15 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Mid-Twentieth-Century Theories Difficulty Level: Easy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Freud's theory was the first to stress the influence of the early parent‒child relationship on development. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized the importance of the child's interactions with caregivers, particularly during the early stages of development, in shaping personality and behavior.

3. It is difficult to isolate the precise damage caused by illegal drugs during pregnancy because __________.

• A. most drug-using mothers refuse to participate in teratology research
• B. the majority of babies born to drug-using mothers do not survive for more than a few days
• C. most drug-using mothers quit using illegal drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy
• D. drug users often take several drugs, display other high-risk behaviors, and suffer from other stresses

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The difficulty in isolating the precise damage caused by illegal drugs during pregnancy is due to the fact that drug users often take several drugs, display other high-risk behaviors, and suffer from other stresses. This makes it challenging to identify the specific impact of each individual factor on prenatal development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not address the complexity of the situation involving drug users during pregnancy. Most drug-using mothers refusing to participate in teratology research, the majority of babies not surviving, or drug-using mothers quitting during the first trimester do not directly explain the difficulty in isolating the precise damage caused by illegal drugs during pregnancy.

4. An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two __________ and is drawn into one of two __________.

• A. ovaries; testes
• B. fallopian tubes; ovaries
• C. corpus luteum; fallopian tubes
• D. ovaries; fallopian tubes Answer: D Page Ref: 76 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Easy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two ovaries and is drawn into one of two fallopian tubes. This is a correct description of the process of ovulation and fertilization in human reproductive anatomy. The ovaries are responsible for producing and releasing eggs, while the fallopian tubes provide a pathway for the egg to travel to the uterus for potential fertilization.

5. The lifespan perspective on human development assumes that development is __________.

• A. static and stable
• B. multidimensional and multidirectional
• C. continuous, rather than discontinuous
• D. largely the result of heredity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The lifespan perspective on human development assumes that development is multidimensional and multidirectional. This means that development occurs in various domains (such as physical, cognitive, and psychosocial) and can involve gains and losses as individuals age. This perspective recognizes that human development is complex and dynamic, involving various factors and pathways over the course of a person's life. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because human development is not static and stable (A), can involve both continuous and discontinuous changes (C), and is influenced by a combination of heredity and environment rather than solely by heredity (D).

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