Nursing Elites

1. Instruction on health promotion regarding urinary elimination is important. Which would you include?

• A. Hold urine as long as possible before emptying the bladder to strengthen the sphincter muscles
• B. If a burning sensation is experienced while voiding, drink water
• C. After urination, wipe from the anal area towards the pubis
• D. Tell the client to empty the bladder at each voiding

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to empty the bladder at each voiding. This is essential to prevent urinary retention and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections. Choice A is incorrect because holding urine for prolonged periods can lead to urinary retention and increase the risk of infections. Choice B is incorrect as pineapple juice can exacerbate a burning sensation due to its acidity; the correct approach is to drink water to dilute the urine. Choice C is incorrect as wiping from the anal area towards the pubis can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, potentially causing infections.

2. A client at risk for iron-deficiency anemia is being taught by a nurse about optimizing dietary intake of iron. The nurse should explain that which of the following sources of iron is easiest for the body to absorb?

• A. Spinach
• B. Cantaloupe
• C. Chicken
• D. Lentils

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Chicken.' Chicken contains heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based sources like spinach, cantaloupe, and lentils. Heme iron, as present in chicken, is more bioavailable and is better absorbed by the body, making it an excellent source of iron for individuals at risk of iron-deficiency anemia. Spinach, cantaloupe, and lentils contain non-heme iron, which is not as efficiently absorbed as heme iron.

3. When doing an initial assessment, the best way for you to identify the client’s priority problem is to:

• A. Interview the client for chief complaints and other symptoms
• B. Talk to the relatives to gather data about history of illness
• C. Do auscultation to check for chest congestion
• D. Do a physical examination while asking the client relevant questions

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

4. For individuals with lactose intolerance, which of the following foods should be avoided?

• A. Eggs
• B. Milk
• C. Almonds
• D. Beef

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Individuals with lactose intolerance lack the enzyme lactase needed to break down lactose. Milk contains lactose, a sugar found in dairy products, and should be avoided by individuals with lactose intolerance. Choices A, C, and D are not sources of lactose and are generally well-tolerated by individuals with lactose intolerance.

5. A client with anorexia undergoing radiation therapy is being taught by a nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Limit high-calorie supplements to between meals
• B. Avoid overeating during your 'good' days
• C. Eat hot foods instead of cold foods
• D. Consume nutrient-dense foods first

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with anorexia undergoing radiation therapy is to consume nutrient-dense foods first. This ensures that the client receives the necessary calories and nutrients. Option A is incorrect because high-calorie supplements should not be limited but rather incorporated wisely into the diet. Option B is incorrect as overeating is not recommended regardless of the type of day. Option C is incorrect as there is no specific preference for hot foods over cold foods in managing anorexia during radiation therapy.

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