Nursing Elites

1. What effect does the use of a hot compress have, as explained to Ronnie who has been prescribed pain medication?

• A. It produces an anesthetic effect
• B. It increases nutrition in the blood to promote wound healing
• C. It increases oxygenation to the injured tissues for better healing
• D. It induces vasoconstriction to prevent infection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'It produces an anesthetic effect.' Hot compresses can help alleviate pain by producing an anesthetic effect, which numbs the area. Choice B is incorrect because a hot compress does not directly increase nutrition in the blood to promote wound healing. Choice C is also incorrect because a hot compress primarily aids in pain relief rather than increasing oxygenation to the tissues for enhanced healing. Choice D is incorrect because hot compresses typically lead to vasodilation, not vasoconstriction, which aids in promoting blood flow rather than preventing infection. Safe and effective patient care relies on actions based on established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

2. A client is on a 2,000-calorie American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet and substitutes whole milk with skim milk. Which of the following items can the client add to the oatmeal on his breakfast tray?

• A. One 1/8 teaspoon of salt
• B. One ounce of raisins
• C. One tablespoon of low-fat margarine
• D. One teaspoon of brown sugar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is one ounce of raisins. Raisins are a healthy option to add to oatmeal as they provide natural sweetness without added sugars. They are a good source of fiber and essential nutrients. Option A, one 1/8 teaspoon of salt, is not necessary for flavoring oatmeal. Option C, one tablespoon of low-fat margarine, may add unnecessary fat to the meal. Option D, one teaspoon of brown sugar, adds extra sugar, which should be limited in a diabetes-friendly diet.

3. Characteristics of type two diabetes include all of the following except:

• A. insulin resistance
• B. blood glucose levels that rise too high
• C. blood insulin levels that rise too high
• D. rapid destruction of the pancreas

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood glucose levels, and high blood insulin levels. Rapid destruction of the pancreas is not a feature of this condition. The destruction of pancreatic beta cells is more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes, not type 2 diabetes. Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Options A, B, and C are all characteristic features of type 2 diabetes, making them incorrect choices.

4. Which type of medication is most likely to induce xerostomia?

• A. Antibiotics
• B. Diuretics
• C. Local anesthetics
• D. Anticholinergics

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Anticholinergics. Anticholinergic medications commonly cause xerostomia by inhibiting saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Antibiotics (choice A) are not typically associated with xerostomia. Diuretics (choice B) increase urine production but do not directly affect saliva production. Local anesthetics (choice C) are used to numb specific areas during dental procedures and do not induce xerostomia.

5. A patient is being cared for by a nurse who has stomatitis following radiation treatment. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention for the nurse to take?

• A. Serve foods without sauces or gravies
• B. Offer mouth rinses with normal saline and water
• C. Serve foods while still at a hot temperature
• D. Instruct the client to drink liquids without a straw

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Offering mouth rinses with normal saline and water is an appropriate intervention for a nurse caring for a patient with stomatitis following radiation treatment. This intervention can help soothe and clean the mouth, promoting comfort and oral hygiene. Choice A is incorrect because serving foods without sauces or gravies does not directly address the client's stomatitis. Choice C is incorrect because serving hot foods can exacerbate discomfort in the client's mouth. Choice D is incorrect because using a straw can help in preventing further irritation in the client's mouth.

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