how should a nurse prepare a patient for a colonoscopy

ATI RN

ATI RN Exit Exam

1. How should a healthcare professional prepare a patient for a colonoscopy?

A. Provide clear instructions on diet
B. Explain the procedure in detail
C. Ensure the patient has an empty stomach
D. Give a bowel prep solution

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Giving a bowel prep solution is essential to clean out the colon thoroughly before a colonoscopy. This process is crucial as it helps to achieve a clear view of the colon during the procedure. Providing clear instructions on diet (Choice A) and ensuring the patient has an empty stomach (Choice C) are important steps in the preparation process but may not be sufficient on their own to adequately cleanse the colon. Explaining the procedure in detail (Choice B) is helpful for patient education but does not directly contribute to the physical preparation required for a successful colonoscopy.

2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is postoperative following a cataract extraction. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

A. You should expect to have eye pain for the first 2 days after surgery.
B. You should bend at the waist to pick up objects from the floor.
C. You should avoid sleeping on the side of the body that was operated on.
D. You should wear an eye shield at night for 2 weeks.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. After cataract surgery, wearing an eye shield at night for 2 weeks is essential to protect the eye during the initial healing period. Choice A is incorrect because significant eye pain should not be expected for the first 2 days after surgery. Choice B is incorrect as bending at the waist can increase intraocular pressure, which should be avoided postoperatively. Choice C is incorrect as there is no need to avoid sleeping on the side of the body that was operated on after cataract surgery.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following laboratory values indicates the TPN is effective?

A. Albumin 3.5 g/dL
B. Hemoglobin 8 g/dL
C. WBC count 15,000/mm3
D. Blood glucose 110 mg/dL

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A blood glucose level of 110 mg/dL indicates that the TPN is effective in maintaining normal glucose levels. Hemoglobin level (choice B) is related to anemia and not directly indicative of TPN effectiveness. Albumin level (choice A) is a marker of nutritional status over a longer term and may not reflect immediate TPN effectiveness. White blood cell count (choice C) is related to infection or inflammation and is not a direct indicator of TPN effectiveness.

4. What is the appropriate action when a patient presents with chest pain?

A. Administer aspirin
B. Administer nitroglycerin
C. Reposition the patient
D. Prepare for surgery

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The appropriate action when a patient presents with chest pain is to administer aspirin. Aspirin helps reduce the risk of clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation, which can be beneficial in cases of myocardial infarction. Nitroglycerin is commonly used for chest pain related to angina but is not the first-line treatment for all types of chest pain. Repositioning the patient may be necessary for comfort or assessment but is not the immediate priority. Surgery is not typically the first-line intervention for chest pain unless there are specific indications.

5. A nurse is providing teaching to family members of a client who has dementia. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Establish a toileting schedule for the client.
B. Use clothing with buttons and zippers.
C. Discourage physical activity during the day.
D. Engage the client in activities that increase sensory stimulation.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Establish a toileting schedule for the client. A toileting schedule helps manage incontinence and prevent accidents, promoting client dignity. Choice B is incorrect because clothing with buttons and zippers may be difficult for a client with dementia to manage independently. Choice C is incorrect as physical activity during the day is beneficial for clients with dementia. Choice D is incorrect as activities that increase sensory stimulation may be overwhelming for a client with dementia.