Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client following a myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following activities should the client avoid?

• A. Swimming in a pool
• B. Driving a car
• C. Light housework
• D. Walking on flat ground

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Driving a car. Driving a car can be physically and emotionally taxing, increasing the risk of complications soon after a myocardial infarction. It requires quick reflexes and decision-making abilities, which may be impaired during the recovery period. Swimming in a pool, light housework, and walking on flat ground are generally safe and beneficial activities for clients following a myocardial infarction as they promote circulation, muscle strength, and overall well-being.

2. What is the most appropriate action for a healthcare provider to take when a patient is at risk for falls?

• A. Place the call light within the patient's reach.
• B. Apply a yellow fall risk bracelet to the patient.
• C. Assist the patient when ambulating.
• D. Ensure the patient's room is well-lit.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to apply a yellow fall risk bracelet to the patient. This action helps alert staff to the patient's increased risk of falling, prompting them to implement appropriate safety measures and precautions. Placing the call light within reach (choice A) is generally important but does not specifically address fall risk. Assisting the patient when ambulating (choice C) is important but may not be sufficient alone to prevent falls. Ensuring the patient's room is well-lit (choice D) is also crucial for patient safety but does not directly address the patient's fall risk status.

3. A client just had a flexible bronchoscopy. Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate?

• A. Irrigate the client's throat every 4 hours
• B. Withhold food and liquids until the client's gag reflex returns
• C. Suction the client's oropharynx frequently
• D. Have the client refrain from talking for 24 hours

Correct answer: B

Rationale: After a flexible bronchoscopy, it is essential to withhold food and liquids until the client's gag reflex returns. This precaution helps prevent aspiration, as the gag reflex protects the airway from foreign material. Irrigating the client's throat every 4 hours (Choice A) is unnecessary and may increase the risk of aspiration. Suctioning the client's oropharynx frequently (Choice C) can cause trauma and is not indicated unless there is a specific medical reason for it. Having the client refrain from talking for 24 hours (Choice D) is not necessary after a flexible bronchoscopy.

4. A patient reflects a correct understanding about the relationship between the gate control theory of pain and the use of meditation to relieve pain?

• A. Meditation alters the chemical composition of pain neuroregulators, which closes the gate.
• B. Meditation stops the occurrence of pain stimuli.
• C. Meditation controls pain by blocking pain impulses from coming through the gate.
• D. Meditation will help me sleep through the pain because it opens the gate.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. According to the gate control theory, meditation helps relieve pain by blocking pain impulses from coming through the gate in the central nervous system. Choice A is incorrect as meditation does not directly alter the chemical composition of pain neuroregulators. Choice B is incorrect because meditation does not stop the occurrence of pain stimuli. Choice D is incorrect as meditation does not open the gate but rather closes it to block pain impulses.

5. The healthcare provider is assessing an immobile patient for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). What should the healthcare provider do?

• A. Lightly rub the lower leg to check for redness and tenderness.
• B. Apply elastic stockings every 4 hours.
• C. Measure the calf circumference of both legs.
• D. Flex the foot while assessing for patient discomfort.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Measuring the calf circumference of both legs is crucial when assessing for DVT in an immobile patient. A significant increase in the circumference of one calf compared to the other suggests the presence of a deep vein thrombosis. Option A is incorrect because rubbing the lower leg may dislodge a clot if present. Option B is incorrect as elastic stockings should not be removed frequently as this can increase the risk of clot formation. Option D is incorrect as dorsiflexing the foot can lead to pain and should not be done to assess for DVT.

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