Nursing Elites

1. A nurse at a provider's office is providing teaching to a client who is taking chemotherapy and losing weight. Which of the following should the nurse recommend to increase calorie and protein intake? (Select one that does not apply.)

• A. Top yogurt with fruits.
• B. Add cream to soups.
• C. Use milk instead of water in recipes.
• D. Increase fluids during meals.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct recommendation to increase calorie and protein intake for a client taking chemotherapy and losing weight is to add cream to soups (choice B), as it provides additional calories and proteins. Using milk instead of water in recipes (choice C) can also increase the calorie and protein content. Topping yogurt with fruits (choice A) can be a healthy choice but may not significantly increase calorie and protein intake. Increasing fluids during meals (choice D) may fill up the stomach, potentially reducing the intake of solid foods, which is not ideal when trying to increase calorie and protein consumption.

2. Who most often prescribes a patient's diet order?

• A. Registered Nurse
• B. Physician
• C. Registered Dietetic Technician
• D. Occupational Therapist

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A patient's dietary order is most frequently prescribed by a physician. This is because the physician has a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical condition and can thus determine the most suitable dietary plan. Registered dietitians often collaborate with physicians in this process, but the final prescription is made by the physician. Although registered nurses, dietetic technicians, and occupational therapists play significant roles in patient care, they typically do not prescribe diet orders.

3. Before and after the operation, the operating suite is managed by the:

• A. Surgeon C. Nurse Manager
• B. Nurse Supervisor D. Chief Nurse
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. In which of the following conditions does a person need to sit, stand, or use multiple pillows when lying down?

• A. Orthopnea
• B. Dyspnea
• C. Eupnea
• D. Apnea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Orthopnea. Orthopnea is a medical condition in which a person has difficulty breathing while lying down. To alleviate this difficulty, the person may need to sit, stand, or use multiple pillows. On the other hand, Dyspnea refers to general shortness of breath which is not specifically related to the position of the body. Eupnea is the term for normal, unlabored breathing, and Apnea is a condition characterized by the cessation of breathing. Thus, none of these other choices directly relate to the need to adjust body position or use aids like multiple pillows to breathe comfortably when lying down.

5. Plant stanols and sterols help to lower LDL cholesterol and are often added to which food product?

• A. margarine
• B. milk
• C. cereal
• D. yogurt

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Plant stanols and sterols are commonly added to margarine to help lower LDL cholesterol levels. Margarine acts as a vehicle for these compounds, making it easier for individuals to incorporate them into their daily diet. While milk, cereal, and yogurt are healthy food options, they are not typically enriched with plant stanols and sterols for cholesterol-lowering purposes, making them less likely candidates as the correct answer.

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