Nursing Elites

1. What is a major constituent of cell membranes?

• A. cholesterol
• B. phospholipid
• C. saturated
• D. triglyceride

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes, providing structural integrity and facilitating cell signaling. Cholesterol (choice A) is also present in cell membranes but in smaller amounts and plays a different role. Saturated (choice C) and triglyceride (choice D) are not major constituents of cell membranes.

2. A nurse is planning care for a toddler who has burns over 50% total body surface area. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

• A. Administer enteral feedings
• B. Limit intake of vitamin C
• C. Limit dietary protein
• D. Administer insulin prior to meals

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering enteral feedings is crucial for ensuring adequate nutrition and supporting healing in toddlers with extensive burns. Burns over 50% total body surface area can lead to increased metabolic demands, making it essential to provide nutrition through enteral feedings to meet the child's needs for healing and recovery. Limiting intake of vitamin C or dietary protein would be detrimental in this scenario as the child requires increased amounts of nutrients to support healing. Administering insulin prior to meals is not indicated in this case as the priority is to provide adequate nutrition to promote healing.

3. When counseling a teenager about fast food, a dental hygienist could correctly cite which of the following facts, with one exception. Which is the exception?

• A. Most fast food menus lack a rich source of vitamin A
• B. Consumer demands have driven the establishment of salads and other healthy menu items
• C. Shortages of biotin, folate, pantothenic acid, and copper are reported in fast foods
• D. Studies reveal that protein is lacking in most menu items

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D'. Fast food is generally not deficient in protein since it often contains meat, a significant source of protein. On the other hand, fast food is known to lack essential nutrients like Vitamin A and certain minerals, as mentioned in choices 'A' and 'C'. Choice 'B' is also accurate as many fast food establishments have started offering healthier options such as salads due to customer demands. Therefore, all options are true except 'D', which makes it the exception.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving parenteral nutrition. Which of the following findings indicates the therapy is effective?

• A. Client has soft, formed bowel movements.
• B. Client’s mucous membranes are pink.
• C. Client reports ability to complete ADLs.
• D. Client’s blood glucose level is within the expected reference range.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because having a blood glucose level within the expected reference range indicates that parenteral nutrition is effectively meeting the client's nutritional needs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because soft, formed bowel movements, pink mucous membranes, and the ability to complete activities of daily living do not directly reflect the effectiveness of parenteral nutrition therapy.

5. A client is being educated by a nurse on snacks suitable for a low-fat, low-sodium, and low-cholesterol diet. Which of the following food choices by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

• A. A slice of cheese
• B. A jam sandwich
• C. A cup of plain popcorn
• D. A small container of applesauce

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A slice of cheese. Cheese is high in fat, sodium, and cholesterol, making it unsuitable for a low-fat, low-sodium, and low-cholesterol diet. Choices B, C, and D are more appropriate for such a diet. B: A jam sandwich can be low in fat, sodium, and cholesterol if made with whole grain bread and a low-sugar jam. C: A cup of plain popcorn is a good choice as it is low in fat and can be made without added salt. D: A small container of applesauce is also a suitable option for a low-fat, low-sodium, and low-cholesterol diet.

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