Nursing Elites

1. What is a major constituent of cell membranes?

• A. cholesterol
• B. phospholipid
• C. saturated
• D. triglyceride

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes, providing structural integrity and facilitating cell signaling. Cholesterol (choice A) is also present in cell membranes but in smaller amounts and plays a different role. Saturated (choice C) and triglyceride (choice D) are not major constituents of cell membranes.

2. Which type of lipid is solid at room temperature?

• A. Cholesterol
• B. Phospholipid
• C. Saturated fat
• D. Trans fat

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Saturated fats, such as those found in butter and lard, are typically solid at room temperature due to the lack of double bonds, which allows the fat molecules to pack closely together. Cholesterol (Choice A) is a steroid, not a fat, and while it's solid at room temperature, it doesn't fit the general category of 'lipid' in the context of this question. Phospholipids (Choice B) are a major component of all cell membranes and can be both solid and liquid at room temperature depending on their composition. Trans fats (Choice D) can also be solid or liquid at room temperature, but they are not typically referred to as 'lipids' in a general sense.

3. The counting of sponges is done by the Surgeon together with the:

• A. Circulating nurse
• B. Scrub nurse
• C. Assistant surgeon
• D. Nurse supervisor

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. During early tooth development, vitamin A deficiency leads to enamel hypoplasia and defective dentin formation. Because of its effect on soft tissues and bone, vitamin A contributes to normal spacing of teeth.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. The effect of vitamin A on the growth of soft tissues and bones naturally extends to the teeth and surrounding structures. Enamel hypoplasia, involving defective enamel matrix and incomplete calcification of enamel and dentin, can be due to vitamin A deficiency. The effect of this vitamin upon surrounding bone directly affects spacing patterns of the teeth within the bone and dentition. Choice A is correct because both statements accurately describe the influence of vitamin A on tooth development. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the accuracy of the statements provided.

5. Each is a characteristic manifestation of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Gingival erythema
• B. Necrosis of interdental papilla
• C. Marasmus
• D. Metallic taste and foul odor

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Marasmus. Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition and is not a direct manifestation of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG). Choices A, B, and D are all characteristic manifestations of NUG. Gingival erythema, necrosis of interdental papilla, and metallic taste with foul odor are commonly associated with NUG due to the inflammatory and necrotic nature of the condition.

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