Nursing Elites

1. What would a diet manual most likely contain?

• A. Procedures for disinfecting cooking surfaces
• B. Staff sanitation guidelines
• C. Information on specific patients' resting metabolic rates
• D. Specific food preparation methods

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A diet manual typically contains guidance on specific food preparation methods to ensure proper nutrition and health for individuals following the diet. Therefore, choice D is correct. Choices A and B refer to sanitation procedures and staff hygiene issues, which are important but not typically the focus of a diet manual. Choice C, regarding specific patients' resting metabolic rates, is too individualized and detailed for a general diet manual, as it would be part of a personalized dietary plan developed with a healthcare professional.

2. Which of the following ethical principles refers to the duty to do good?

• A. Beneficence
• B. Fidelity
• C. Veracity
• D. Nonmaleficence

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

3. Which test is used to monitor the degree of blood glucose control over a long period?

• A. Glucose tolerance test
• B. Glycated hemoglobin level
• C. Self-monitoring of blood glucose
• D. 24-hour urinary glucose excretion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, glycated hemoglobin level. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months, providing a long-term picture of glucose control. Choice A, the glucose tolerance test, measures how well your body processes glucose but is not specifically for long-term monitoring. Choice C, self-monitoring of blood glucose, involves daily testing by individuals, providing immediate rather than long-term information. Choice D, 24-hour urinary glucose excretion, measures the amount of glucose excreted in the urine over 24 hours and is not typically used for long-term monitoring of blood glucose control.

4. What are sheets/forms that provide an efficient and time-saving way to record information that must be obtained repeatedly at regular and/or short intervals of time? This does not replace progress notes; instead, it records information on vital signs, intake and output, treatment, postoperative care, postpartum care, and diabetic regimen, etc. These are used whenever specific measurements or observations need to be documented repeatedly. What is this?

• A. Nursing Kardex
• B. Graphic Flow Sheets
• C. Discharge Summary
• D. Medicine and Treatment Record

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Nursing Kardex. Nursing Kardex is a tool used for documenting essential patient information that needs to be recorded repeatedly at regular intervals. It includes vital signs, intake and output, treatment details, postoperative care, postpartum care, and diabetic regimen. This tool is efficient and time-saving for healthcare professionals. Choice B, Graphic Flow Sheets, may be used for visual representation of patient data but is not specifically designed for repeated documentation of essential information. Choice C, Discharge Summary, is a document outlining the patient's care and condition at the time of discharge, not for repeated recording of ongoing data. Choice D, Medicine and Treatment Record, focuses more on specific medications and treatments rather than a comprehensive recording of various patient data needed at regular intervals.

5. In which type of shock does the patient experience a mismatch of blood flow to the cells?

• A. Distributive
• B. Cardiogenic
• C. Hypovolemic
• D. Septic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Distributive shock. Distributive shock is characterized by a widespread increase in vascular permeability leading to a relative hypovolemia and a mismatch of blood flow to the cells. Choice B, Cardiogenic shock, is due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Choice C, Hypovolemic shock, results from a decrease in intravascular volume. Choice D, Septic shock, is caused by a systemic response to infection.

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