Nursing Elites

1. What would a diet manual most likely contain?

• A. Procedures for disinfecting cooking surfaces
• B. Staff sanitation guidelines
• C. Information on specific patients' resting metabolic rates
• D. Specific food preparation methods

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A diet manual typically contains guidance on specific food preparation methods to ensure proper nutrition and health for individuals following the diet. Therefore, choice D is correct. Choices A and B refer to sanitation procedures and staff hygiene issues, which are important but not typically the focus of a diet manual. Choice C, regarding specific patients' resting metabolic rates, is too individualized and detailed for a general diet manual, as it would be part of a personalized dietary plan developed with a healthcare professional.

2. The only IV fluid compatible with blood products is:

• A. D5LR C. NSS
• B. D5NSS D. Plain LR
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

3. What is the most common type of kidney stone?

• A. Cystine
• B. Calcium
• C. Struvite
• D. Uric acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium-based, specifically calcium oxalate. This is usually due to high calcium levels in the urine, which can be caused by dietary factors or certain metabolic disorders. Cystine stones, on the other hand, are less common and occur in individuals with a hereditary disorder leading to excessive excretion of certain amino acids. Struvite stones are often formed in response to an infection. Uric acid stones may occur in individuals who do not consume sufficient fluids or who lose too much fluid, among other factors. Therefore, while all these substances can form stones in the kidneys, calcium stones are the most common.

4. Which of the four phases of emergency management is defined as 'sustained action that reduces or eliminates long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects'?

• A. Recovery
• B. Mitigation
• C. Response
• D. Preparedness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Mitigation.' Mitigation is the phase of emergency management that focuses on sustained actions aimed at reducing or eliminating long-term risks to people and property from natural hazards. Recovery (A) involves restoring and rebuilding infrastructure, housing, and services after a disaster. Response (C) deals with immediate actions taken to save lives and prevent further damage during a disaster. Preparedness (D) involves planning, training, and equipping organizations and communities to effectively respond to emergencies.

5. Which types of lipids must be listed on the food label? Select all that apply.

• A. Total fat
• B. Saturated fat
• C. Trans fat
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D. All of the above'. This is because, according to regulations, food labels must include the information on total fat, saturated fat, and trans fat. These types of fats are crucial for consumers to monitor, as they can significantly affect heart health. Choices A, B, and C are all correct, but they are only parts of the total information that must be provided. Therefore, the most comprehensive answer is 'D. All of the above'.

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