Nursing Elites

1. A client at risk for iron-deficiency anemia is being taught by a nurse about optimizing dietary intake of iron. The nurse should explain that which of the following sources of iron is easiest for the body to absorb?

• A. Spinach
• B. Cantaloupe
• C. Chicken
• D. Lentils

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Chicken.' Chicken contains heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based sources like spinach, cantaloupe, and lentils. Heme iron, as present in chicken, is more bioavailable and is better absorbed by the body, making it an excellent source of iron for individuals at risk of iron-deficiency anemia. Spinach, cantaloupe, and lentils contain non-heme iron, which is not as efficiently absorbed as heme iron.

2. A healthcare provider is on a med-surg unit caring for a client who follows the dietary laws of Orthodox Judaism. Which of the following menu selections should the healthcare provider recommend for this client?

• A. Fried catfish
• B. Broiled shrimp
• C. Pork sausage
• D. Grilled vegetables

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Grilled vegetables. Orthodox Judaism restricts the consumption of certain animals, including catfish, shrimp, and pork, making choices A, B, and C inappropriate for a client following these dietary laws. Grilled vegetables are a safe and suitable option that complies with Orthodox Jewish dietary guidelines.

3. Mrs. Pichay who is for thoracentesis is assigned by the nurse to any of the following positions, EXCEPT:

• A. straddling a chair with arms and head resting on the back of the chair
• B. lying on the unaffected side with the bed elevated 30-40 degrees
• C. lying prone with the head of the bed lowered 15-30 degrees
• D. sitting on the edge of the bed with her feet supported and arms and head on a padded overhead table

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. In kidney disease, which mineral should a patient limit intake of?

• A. Calcium
• B. Magnesium
• C. Phosphorus
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In kidney disease, patients are advised to limit the intake of phosphorus. High levels of phosphorus can be problematic as the kidneys may not be able to effectively filter it out, leading to bone health issues. Calcium (Choice A) is important for bone health, but its restriction is not typically necessary in kidney disease. Magnesium (Choice B) and potassium (Choice D) restrictions may be required in certain cases of kidney disease, but phosphorus is the mineral most commonly limited due to its impact on bone health.

5. Each nonnutritive sweetener can be recommended to patients with phenylketonuria, except one. Which one is the exception?

• A. Cyclamate
• B. Acesulfame-K
• C. Saccharin
• D. Aspartame

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Aspartame. Aspartame contains phenylalanine, which is contraindicated for individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder that impairs phenylalanine metabolism. Therefore, patients with PKU should avoid aspartame. Choices A, B, and C (Cyclamate, Acesulfame-K, Saccharin) are considered safe for individuals with PKU as they do not contain phenylalanine and can be recommended as alternatives to sugar for these patients.

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