Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has a burn injury and adheres to a vegan diet. The nurse should recommend which of the following foods as the best source of protein to promote wound healing?

• A. One cup of brown rice
• B. One cup of orange juice
• C. One cup of pureed avocado
• D. One cup of lentils

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Lentils are an excellent source of plant-based protein, essential for wound healing in a vegan diet. Brown rice, orange juice, and pureed avocado are not protein-rich foods like lentils and would not provide sufficient protein for wound healing in this scenario.

2. You are attending a certification on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) offered and required by the hospital employing you. This is

• A. professional course towards credits
• B. inservice education
• C. advance training
• D. continuing education

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. Can bacterial plaque metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose? Is fructose, also known as levulose and found naturally in honey, less cariogenic than sucrose and lactose?

• A. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
• B. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, and fructose is not less cariogenic.
• C. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
• D. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, but yes, fructose is less cariogenic.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The first statement is correct as bacterial plaque can indeed metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose. However, the second statement is inaccurate. Fructose, despite being found naturally in honey and known also as levulose, is not less cariogenic than either sucrose or lactose. This means that its consumption does not result in fewer cavities or tooth decay. Therefore, the correct answer is that bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but fructose is not less cariogenic. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either wrongly assert that bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars or wrongly claim that fructose is less cariogenic.

4. What is a major constituent of cell membranes?

• A. cholesterol
• B. phospholipid
• C. saturated
• D. triglyceride

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes, providing structural integrity and facilitating cell signaling. Cholesterol (choice A) is also present in cell membranes but in smaller amounts and plays a different role. Saturated (choice C) and triglyceride (choice D) are not major constituents of cell membranes.

5. Which type of immunity is demonstrated by the transfer of a mother's immunoglobulin across the placenta to protect the child?

• A. Natural active immunity
• B. Natural passive immunity
• C. Artificial active immunity
• D. Artificial passive immunity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The immunoglobulin passed from the mother to the child through the placenta is an example of natural passive immunity, making choice B the correct answer. This transfer gives the child temporary immunity to various diseases without their immune system having to work. On the other hand, natural active immunity (Choice A) occurs when the body produces its own antibodies in response to an antigen. Artificial active immunity (Choice C) is achieved through vaccinations, where the immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against a specific disease. Artificial passive immunity (Choice D) is a temporary immunity that involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from another source.

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