Nursing Elites

1. Which food item should be recommended to prevent choking in toddlers?

• A. Banana slices
• B. Popcorn
• C. Hot dogs
• D. Carrot sticks

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Banana slices are less likely to cause choking compared to other options.

2. For a patient on a ketogenic diet, which macronutrient is primarily increased?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Protein
• C. Fats
• D. Fiber

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fats. A ketogenic diet is characterized by high fat intake, moderate protein intake, and very low carbohydrate intake. This diet aims to shift the body's metabolism to use fat as the primary source of energy instead of carbohydrates. Increasing fat intake while reducing carbohydrates is essential for achieving and maintaining a state of ketosis. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the macronutrient adjustments required for a ketogenic diet.

3. What are sheets/forms that provide an efficient and time-saving way to record information that must be obtained repeatedly at regular and/or short intervals of time? This does not replace progress notes; instead, it records information on vital signs, intake and output, treatment, postoperative care, postpartum care, and diabetic regimen, etc. These are used whenever specific measurements or observations need to be documented repeatedly. What is this?

• A. Nursing Kardex
• B. Graphic Flow Sheets
• C. Discharge Summary
• D. Medicine and Treatment Record

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Nursing Kardex. Nursing Kardex is a tool used for documenting essential patient information that needs to be recorded repeatedly at regular intervals. It includes vital signs, intake and output, treatment details, postoperative care, postpartum care, and diabetic regimen. This tool is efficient and time-saving for healthcare professionals. Choice B, Graphic Flow Sheets, may be used for visual representation of patient data but is not specifically designed for repeated documentation of essential information. Choice C, Discharge Summary, is a document outlining the patient's care and condition at the time of discharge, not for repeated recording of ongoing data. Choice D, Medicine and Treatment Record, focuses more on specific medications and treatments rather than a comprehensive recording of various patient data needed at regular intervals.

4. A client with Crohn's disease is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following food choices aligns with the recommended diet for clients with Crohn's disease?

• A. Vanilla milkshake
• B. Buttered popcorn
• C. Tossed green salad
• D. Toast with jelly

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is a 'Tossed green salad.' Clients with Crohn's disease often benefit from a low-residue diet, which includes easily digestible foods like leafy green vegetables found in a tossed green salad. This type of diet helps minimize gastrointestinal symptoms. Choices A, B, and D are not ideal for clients with Crohn's disease. Vanilla milkshake, buttered popcorn, and toast with jelly may exacerbate symptoms due to their high fat, fiber, or sugar content, which can be harder to digest.

5. Which bond is formed by a positively charged metal ion and negatively charged nonmetal ion?

• A. Ionic bond
• B. Covalent bond
• C. Functional group
• D. Metallic bond

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is an ionic bond. An ionic bond is formed when a positively charged metal ion joins with a negatively charged nonmetal ion, resulting in a transfer of electrons. In contrast, a covalent bond involves sharing electrons between atoms rather than complete transfer. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that determine the molecule's chemical properties. Metallic bonds occur between metal atoms where electrons are shared across a delocalized electron cloud.

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