Nursing Elites

1. When assessing for criteria that signify malnutrition risk, which element would most likely be included as part of the functional assessment data?

• A. severity of illness
• B. presence of pressure sores
• C. localized edema
• D. generalized weakness

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Generalized weakness is a key indicator of malnutrition and is often assessed as part of functional status, reflecting muscle wasting and reduced physical function. The other choices, such as severity of illness, presence of pressure sores, and localized edema, are important factors to consider in a clinical assessment but are not primarily indicative of malnutrition risk. Generalized weakness directly relates to the functional impact of malnutrition on physical performance.

2. A nurse is caring for a client who is lactose intolerant. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse assess?

• A. Fever
• B. Blood in stools
• C. Cramping
• D. Steatorrhea

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cramping. Cramping is a common clinical manifestation of lactose intolerance due to the inability to digest lactose properly. Fever (choice A) is not typically associated with lactose intolerance. Blood in stools (choice B) is more indicative of other gastrointestinal issues like inflammatory bowel disease. Steatorrhea (choice D) is the presence of excess fat in the stool and is not a typical symptom of lactose intolerance.

3. Which adolescent student lunch, evaluated by the school nurse, is the least nutritious?

• A. Ham sandwich, apple, and milk
• B. Hamburger, fries, and soft drink
• C. Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches
• D. Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hamburger, fries, and soft drink. This meal is considered the least nutritious among the options provided due to its high content of unhealthy fats, processed carbohydrates, and added sugars, which lack essential nutrients. On the other hand, choice A: Ham sandwich, apple, and milk, offers a balanced meal with protein, fiber, vitamins, and calcium. Choice C: Macaroni and cheese, green beans, and peaches, provides a mixture of carbohydrates, vegetables, and fruits. Choice D: Meatloaf, broccoli, and pear slices, includes protein, fiber, and vitamins. Thus, all choices except B provide a more balanced and nutritious meal.

4. Health practitioners evaluate disease progression in HIV-infected patients by measuring the concentrations of helper T cells and circulating virus, called _____.

• A. cross resistance
• B. the immune response
• C. acquired resistance
• D. the viral load

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The viral load is the measure of the amount of circulating virus in the blood and is used to evaluate the progression of HIV infection.

5. You are a researcher testing out the effects of a new food molecule—MEGA—on bone health. In order to know if it actually travels to bone cells in the body, you first need to find out if it gets absorbed in the bloodstream. You eat a food containing MEGA, and you measure the molecule in your urine and feces. You only detect MEGA in the feces. Was MEGA absorbed?

• A. No—absorbed compounds show up in urine, not feces
• B. Yes—absorbed compounds show up in feces, not urine
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: If MEGA was only detected in feces and not in urine, it was not absorbed into the bloodstream. Absorbed compounds typically appear in urine after processing by the body. The correct answer is A because the presence of a compound in feces indicates that it was not absorbed by the body and passed through the digestive system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the process of absorption and excretion in the body.

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