Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is teaching a client about preparing low-fat meals. The nurse should include that which of the following oils contains saturated fat?

• A. Corn
• B. Olive
• C. Canola
• D. Coconut

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Coconut oil contains a high amount of saturated fat, which can increase LDL cholesterol levels and the risk of heart disease. Olive, corn, and canola oils are primarily unsaturated fats, which are considered heart-healthy fats. Olive oil, in particular, is rich in monounsaturated fats, while corn and canola oils are good sources of polyunsaturated fats. Therefore, the correct answer is Coconut because it contains saturated fat, unlike the other options.

2. Clients with type 2 diabetes are most likely to achieve metabolic control if they:

• A. lose weight
• B. use self-monitoring of blood glucose
• C. eliminate all dietary sugars
• D. eat three regular meals daily

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight loss improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, making it a key strategy in managing type 2 diabetes.

3. Which suggestion is most appropriate to increase calorie intake for a patient with stomach cancer, aiming to prevent weight loss and wasting?

• A. Replace whole fat milk with skim milk or water
• B. Avoid peanut butter and other nuts
• C. Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat
• D. Limit alcohol intake to two drinks per day

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat. High-fat meats are more calorie-dense than lean meats, which makes them a good choice for increasing calorie intake. This is crucial for patients with stomach cancer who want to avoid weight loss and wasting. Choice A is incorrect because skim milk or water contains fewer calories than whole fat milk. Choice B is also incorrect because peanut butter and nuts are high in calories and therefore should not be avoided when trying to increase calorie intake. Finally, choice D is not a good suggestion to increase calorie intake as alcohol does not provide the necessary nutrients needed for a balanced diet. In fact, excessive alcohol can harm the liver and other organs, and it's not a reliable source of calories.

4. What physiologic role does magnesium play in the body?

• A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation
• B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
• C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
• D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Magnesium plays an important role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and preventing skeletal abnormalities. It is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including energy metabolism, insulin activity, and glucose use. Magnesium is vital to the structural integrity of heart muscle and other muscles and nerves. While magnesium does play a role in blood clotting, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, relaxation, ATP energy release, and metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, the primary physiologic role of magnesium in the body is related to calcium homeostasis and maintaining the structural integrity of the heart muscle. Choice A is incorrect because it includes functions of magnesium, but they are not its primary physiologic role. Choice C is incorrect as magnesium has several known metabolic functions. Choice D is incorrect because although magnesium is involved in ATP energy release and metabolism, its primary role is related to calcium homeostasis and structural integrity of muscle.

5. A client who has dumping syndrome following a hemi-colectomy should avoid which of the following foods when receiving nutritional teaching from a nurse?

• A. Rice
• B. Poached eggs
• C. Fresh apples
• D. White bread

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fresh apples should be avoided by a client with dumping syndrome following a hemi-colectomy because they are high in fiber and can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and bloating. Rice and poached eggs are good options as they are easily digestible and less likely to trigger dumping syndrome symptoms. White bread is also preferable over whole grain bread due to its lower fiber content, making it a better choice for individuals with dumping syndrome.

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