Nursing Elites

1. Which type of assessment evaluates a person's risk of malnutrition by ranking key variables from the medical history and physical examination?

• A. Katz index
• B. integrated assessment
• C. subjective global assessment
• D. nutrition care plan

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) is the correct choice. SGA is a comprehensive tool used to assess an individual's risk of malnutrition by integrating key variables from the medical history, physical examination, and other relevant factors. The Katz index is used to assess activities of daily living, not malnutrition risk. An integrated assessment refers to the overall evaluation process involving multiple assessments. A nutrition care plan is a personalized plan developed based on assessment findings, not the assessment itself.

2. While on Bryant’s traction, which of these observations of Graciela and her traction apparatus would indicate a decrease in the effectiveness of her traction?

• A. Graciela’s buttocks are resting on the bed.
• B. The traction weights are hanging 10 inches above the floor.
• C. Graciela’s legs are suspended at a 90 degree angle to her trunk.
• D. The traction ropes move freely through the pulley.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

3. Which term is used to describe populations located in lower income, inner city, and rural areas with few supermarkets but numerous small stores stocking limited nutritious food items?

• A. Food fad
• B. Food insecurity
• C. Food desert
• D. Food patterns

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A food desert refers to areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, often found in lower-income urban and rural areas.

4. The healthcare professional in the dialysis unit understands that patients may experience various complications during hemodialysis. What describes a common complication during hemodialysis?

• A. confusion
• B. profuse sweating
• C. hypertension
• D. leg cramps

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Leg cramps are a common complication during hemodialysis due to shifts in fluid and electrolyte levels that occur during the treatment. Confusion (choice A) is not a common complication specifically related to hemodialysis. Profuse sweating (choice B) is not typically associated with hemodialysis complications. Hypertension (choice C) might be a pre-existing condition in some patients but is not a direct common complication of hemodialysis.

5. Clients may benefit from slightly higher fat intakes than are normally recommended if they have:

• A. congestive heart failure
• B. cerebrovascular accident
• C. peripheral vascular disease
• D. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), higher fat intake can be beneficial because it provides more calories with less respiratory burden compared to carbohydrates. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, and peripheral vascular disease do not specifically benefit from higher fat intakes as in COPD.

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