Nursing Elites

1. What nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for a patient with heart failure?

• A. risk for infection
• B. fluid volume excess
• C. impaired body temperature
• D. ineffective airway clearance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient with heart failure is 'fluid volume excess.' In heart failure, the heart's reduced pumping ability leads to fluid retention, causing an excess of fluid in the body. This can result in symptoms such as edema, shortness of breath, and weight gain. 'Risk for infection,' 'impaired body temperature,' and 'ineffective airway clearance' are not the most appropriate nursing diagnoses for a patient with heart failure as they do not directly relate to the pathophysiology and common issues seen in heart failure patients.

2. Dina, 17 years old, asks you how a tubal ligation prevents pregnancy. Which would be the best answer?

• A. Prostaglandins released from the cut fallopian tubes can kill sperm
• B. Sperm cannot enter the uterus because the cervical entrance is blocked
• C. Sperm can no longer reach the ova, because the fallopian tubes are blocked
• D. The ovary no longer releases ova as there is nowhere for them to go

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Sperm can no longer reach the ova because the fallopian tubes are blocked.' Tubal ligation works by blocking the fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from reaching the egg for fertilization. Choice A is incorrect because prostaglandins are not released from the cut fallopian tubes to kill sperm. Choice B is incorrect as the cervical entrance being blocked does not relate to tubal ligation. Choice D is incorrect because tubal ligation does not affect the release of ova from the ovary.

3. What are the best food sources of magnesium?

• A. oils, bananas, and pork
• B. pizza, potatoes, and tomatoes
• C. milk, rice, and apples
• D. legumes, whole grains, and chocolate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: legumes, whole grains, and chocolate. These foods are rich sources of magnesium, an essential mineral that plays a role in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body. Choices A, B, and C do not contain as high levels of magnesium compared to legumes, whole grains, and chocolate.

4. Can fluid retention cause lab values to be deceptively high, whereas dehydration may cause the values to be deceptively low?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not always
• D. Sometimes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement is incorrect. Fluid retention generally results in lab values appearing deceptively low, not high, because the excess fluid dilutes the concentration of substances in the blood. Conversely, dehydration can make lab values appear deceptively high as the reduced fluid volume in the body means substances in the blood are less diluted. Choices 'C: Not always' and 'D: Sometimes' are not specific and do not directly address the statement in the question, hence they are incorrect.

5. How much extra protein (above RDA) is safe to consume?

• A. 2x your RDA
• B. any amount
• C. 3x your RDA
• D. 20 grams

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Consuming up to twice the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of protein is generally considered safe for most people, although it may vary depending on individual health conditions.

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