Nursing Elites

1. What nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate for a patient with heart failure?

• A. risk for infection
• B. fluid volume excess
• C. impaired body temperature
• D. ineffective airway clearance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a patient with heart failure is 'fluid volume excess.' In heart failure, the heart's reduced pumping ability leads to fluid retention, causing an excess of fluid in the body. This can result in symptoms such as edema, shortness of breath, and weight gain. 'Risk for infection,' 'impaired body temperature,' and 'ineffective airway clearance' are not the most appropriate nursing diagnoses for a patient with heart failure as they do not directly relate to the pathophysiology and common issues seen in heart failure patients.

2. A patient with an ileostomy is suffering from frequent diarrhea. The clinician should advise the patient to increase his intake of what food to thicken stool output?

• A. celery
• B. salad greens
• C. potatoes
• D. dried beans and peas

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Potatoes are starchy and can help thicken stool output, making them beneficial for patients with an ileostomy experiencing diarrhea.

3. Which nutrient is most closely associated with the prevention of neural tube defects in a developing fetus for a woman planning to become pregnant?

• A. Calcium
• B. Folate
• C. Vitamin A
• D. Choline

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is folate. Folate, also known as Vitamin B9, is vital for the prevention of neural tube defects in the developing fetus. It is primarily responsible for the creation and repair of DNA, which is essential during rapid growth stages such as pregnancy. While nutrients like calcium, vitamin A, and choline are important for pregnancy, they are not as directly linked to preventing neural tube defects as folate. Calcium is crucial for the baby's bone and teeth development. Vitamin A is essential for vision, immune function, and cellular growth. Choline supports brain development and neural functioning. However, none of these nutrients have the same direct impact on preventing neural tube defects as folate.

4. Which type of bread, cereal, or pasta would most likely be recommended for a patient on a fat-restricted diet?

• A. popcorn
• B. fried rice
• C. English muffins
• D. granola

Correct answer: C

Rationale: English muffins would be the most suitable option for a patient on a fat-restricted diet. They are typically lower in fat compared to fried rice, granola, and popcorn with butter. Popcorn, fried rice, and granola are higher in fat content and may not be the best choice for individuals on a fat-restricted diet.

5. Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are?

• A. associated with being underweight
• B. more prevalent in males
• C. highly predictive of CHD risk
• D. not a good predictor of CHD risk

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Low levels of HDL cholesterol are a strong predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk because HDL helps to remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because low HDL levels are not associated with being underweight but rather with increased CHD risk. Choice B is incorrect as low HDL levels are not more prevalent in males but can affect both genders. Choice D is incorrect as low levels of HDL are indeed a good predictor of CHD risk.

Similar Questions