Nursing Elites

1. Which enzyme is most essential for hydrolyzing large protein molecules?

• A. Gastric lipase
• B. Pepsin
• C. Mucus
• D. Intrinsic factor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pepsin, choice B, is the correct answer as it is a proteolytic enzyme that is essential for the breakdown of large protein molecules in the stomach. Gastric lipase, choice A, is incorrect because it primarily targets fats, not proteins, hence it is not involved in protein hydrolysis. Mucus, choice C, is incorrect as it serves to protect the stomach lining from acidic gastric juices and does not play a direct role in protein digestion. Intrinsic factor, choice D, is incorrect as it is vital for the absorption of Vitamin B12 in the small intestine and doesn't participate in the process of hydrolyzing proteins.

2. Which nursing diagnosis has nutritional implications?

• A. impaired dentition
• B. disruption of gas exchange
• C. self-esteem disturbance
• D. sleep pattern disturbance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Impaired dentition affects a patient's ability to chew and consume a variety of foods, leading to potential nutritional deficiencies and malnutrition.

3. Is it correct that eliminating sucrose from the diet leads to a significant reduction in dental caries, and that the best advice is to consume sugar in moderation and limit the frequency of sugar exposure?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is incorrect because dental caries are not solely caused by sucrose. They are the result of a complex interaction of multiple factors, including the type of bacteria in the mouth, the host's diet, oral hygiene, and salivary flow. The second statement is correct as consuming sugar in moderation and limiting the frequency of sugar exposure are indeed effective strategies to prevent dental caries. Therefore, the answer is option D: The first statement is false; the second is true.

4. What is the best snack choice for a preschool-age child?

• A. Fruit snacks
• B. Mini wheat bagel with peanut butter
• C. White toast with jelly
• D. Sports drink

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The best snack choice for a preschool-age child is a mini wheat bagel with peanut butter as it provides a good balance of carbohydrates, protein, and healthy fats. Fruit snacks, although they contain some fruit flavor, are often high in added sugars and lack essential nutrients. White toast with jelly may provide quick energy but lacks protein and healthy fats, which are important for a balanced snack choice. Sports drinks are typically high in sugar and unnecessary for a preschool-age child's snack, as they are designed for rehydration during intense physical activity, not as a regular snack option.

5. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate after a total thyroidectomy?

• A. Place pillows under your patient’s shoulders.
• B. Raise the knee-gatch to 30 degrees
• C. Keep you patient in a high-fowler’s position.
• D. Support the patient’s head and neck with pillows and sandbags.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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