Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following best describes the concept of shared decision-making in healthcare?

• A. The process by which patients make healthcare decisions on their own
• B. A collaborative process that allows patients and providers to make healthcare decisions together
• C. A method for providers to dictate treatment plans to patients
• D. The use of evidence-based guidelines to make healthcare decisions

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Shared decision-making in healthcare involves a collaborative process between patients and providers to make healthcare decisions together. This approach considers the patient's preferences, values, and the best available evidence to reach a decision that aligns with the patient's goals. Choice A is incorrect because shared decision-making does not involve patients making decisions on their own. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a paternalistic approach where providers dictate treatment plans to patients without involving them in the decision-making process. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to the use of evidence-based guidelines, which is important but not the sole focus of shared decision-making.

2. A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for a client who has a new prescription for wrist restraints. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Pad the client's wrists before applying the restraints.
• B. Evaluate the client's circulation every 8 hours after application.
• C. Secure the restraint ties to the bed's side rails.
• D. Remove the restraints every 4 hours to evaluate the client's status.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When applying wrist restraints, it is crucial to secure the restraint ties to the bed's side rails to ensure the client's safety and prevent injury. Padding the client's wrists (Choice A) is not a standard practice and may compromise the effectiveness of the restraints. Evaluating the client's circulation (Choice B) is important but should be done more frequently than every 8 hours to ensure prompt detection of any circulation issues. Removing the restraints every 4 hours (Choice D) is unnecessary and may increase the risk of injury or agitation in the client.

3. Which of the following describes the concept of ratification?

• A. Contract administration
• B. Contract passage
• C. Contract denial
• D. Contract reorganization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Contract passage.' Ratification refers to the approval or confirmation of a contract by a simple majority of members who vote to pass it. Choice A, 'Contract administration,' does not accurately describe ratification as it focuses more on the management of contracts rather than their approval. Choice C, 'Contract denial,' is incorrect as ratification implies acceptance or approval, not denial. Choice D, 'Contract reorganization,' is also incorrect as ratification does not involve restructuring or reorganizing a contract, but rather confirming its validity.

4. A nurse recognizes which of the following as a primary goal of nursing?

• A. Assist patients to achieve a peaceful death.
• B. Improve personal knowledge and skills to enhance patient outcomes.
• C. Advocate for quality of life rather than quantity of life.
• D. Work to control costs to enhance patients' quality of life.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary goal of nursing is to promote health, prevent illness, alleviate suffering, and care for the sick. Assisting patients to achieve a peaceful death is an essential aspect of nursing care, ensuring dignity and comfort in the end-of-life phase. While improving personal knowledge and advocating for quality of life are important aspects of nursing, the primary goal remains the well-being and comfort of patients, even in death. Working to control costs, while a consideration in healthcare, is not the primary goal of nursing, which is centered on patient care and well-being.

5. When a client experiences a major incident, what is the time frame for reporting the incident?

• A. 24 hours.
• B. 36 hours.
• C. 48 hours.
• D. 72 hours.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: '24 hours.' It is crucial to report a major incident within 24 hours of its occurrence to ensure timely and accurate documentation. Reporting incidents promptly allows for a swift response and investigation to prevent future occurrences. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they exceed the recommended time frame for reporting a major incident, which is 24 hours.

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