Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following statements are correct?

• A. Lipids are transported in the blood as lipoproteins, which are clusters of lipids associated with proteins.
• B. In type II diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but cells are resistant to this signal.
• C. The glycemic index classifies foods based on their potential to raise blood glucose levels.
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Option A is correct because lipoproteins indeed transport lipids in the blood. They are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport water-insoluble lipids through the blood. Option B is correct as it accurately describes the condition of type II diabetes where the pancreas can produce insulin, but the cells are resistant to its signal, causing an ineffective regulation of blood sugar. Option C is also correct because the glycemic index is indeed a classification system for foods based on their potential to raise blood glucose levels. High glycemic index foods raise blood glucose levels faster than low glycemic index foods. Hence, all the statements are correct, making option D the correct answer.

2. Where is Vitamin E commonly found?

• A. produced by bacteria in the GI tract
• B. synthesized by the body through sunlight exposure
• C. associated with beriberi deficiency
• D. present in vegetable oils

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is an antioxidant commonly found in sources like vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, and green leafy vegetables. It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from damage. Choices A and B are incorrect as Vitamin E is not produced by bacteria in the GI tract nor synthesized by sunlight exposure. Choice C is incorrect as beriberi is a deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine), not Vitamin E.

3. In which condition is underconsumption of fat not a concern?

• A. Malabsorption syndromes
• B. Cystic fibrosis
• C. AIDS
• D. Hypertension

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Hypertension. Hypertension is not typically associated with underconsumption of fat; instead, it is more related to the consumption of excess fat, especially saturated and trans fats, which can contribute to increased blood pressure. Malabsorption syndromes, cystic fibrosis, and AIDS are conditions where underconsumption of fat can be a concern due to various reasons such as malabsorption issues, pancreatic insufficiency, or increased energy needs.

4. A client has a small-bore jejunostomy and is receiving a continuous tube feeding with a high-viscosity formula. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent the tubing from clogging?

• A. Replace the bag and tubing every 24 hours
• B. Flush the tubing with 10 mL water every 6 hours
• C. Administer the feeding by gravity drip
• D. Heat the formula prior to infusion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To prevent clogging when using high-viscosity formulas in a small-bore jejunostomy, the nurse should flush the tubing with 10 mL of water every 6 hours. This action helps maintain tube patency and prevent blockages. Replacing the bag and tubing every 24 hours (Choice A) is unnecessary and does not specifically address preventing clogging. Administering the feeding by gravity drip (Choice C) or heating the formula prior to infusion (Choice D) are not effective interventions for preventing tubing clogging.

5. Which two dietary components may help decrease blood cholesterol levels?

• A. Omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber
• B. Short-chain fatty acids and insoluble fiber
• C. Trans fatty acids and potassium
• D. Cis fatty acids and calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to reduce triglycerides, while soluble fiber helps to lower LDL cholesterol levels. Both of these components are beneficial in managing blood cholesterol levels. Choice B, short-chain fatty acids and insoluble fiber, is incorrect as they do not have the same cholesterol-lowering effects as omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber. Choice C, trans fatty acids and potassium, is incorrect as trans fatty acids can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. Choice D, cis fatty acids and calcium, is incorrect as cis fatty acids are common in natural fats and do not specifically help in reducing blood cholesterol levels.

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