Nursing Elites

1. Which expectant mother has the greatest risk of a baby born with fetal alcohol syndrome?

• A. Chloe, a Caucasian American
• B. Latima, an African American
• C. Yvonne, a Native American
• D. Ming, an Asian American Answer: C Page Ref: 85 Skill Level: Apply known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to research, Native American populations have the highest prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in the United States. This increased risk is due to various social, cultural, and environmental factors within Native American communities.

2. __________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet.

• A. Sex hormones
• B. Over-the-counter medications
• C. Free radicals
• D. Low body weight

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Free radicals may contribute to oxidative stress, increasing the risk of conditions associated with a high-fat diet. When consuming a high-fat diet, the body may produce more free radicals, leading to oxidative damage. Sex hormones, over-the-counter medications, and low body weight do not directly heighten the effects of a high-fat diet like free radicals do.

3. Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through __________ observation.

• A. naturalistic
• B. participant
• C. systematic
• D. structured

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through participant observation. This type of observation involves the researcher immersing themselves in the culture being studied, actively participating in the daily activities and interactions of the group being studied. Through participant observation, researchers can gain a deep and nuanced understanding of the culture from the inside. Choice A, naturalistic observation, typically refers to observing subjects in their natural environment without interference, but it does not involve actively participating in the culture. Choice C, systematic observation, focuses on carefully planned and structured data collection methods but may not involve direct participation. Choice D, structured observation, implies a predefined set of guidelines for observation but lacks the immersive aspect of participant observation.

4. What is the function of the corpus luteum?

• A. is where fertilization usually takes place
• B. secretes hormones that prepare the lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum
• C. is one of two long, thin structures that lead to the hollow, softly lined uterus
• D. is one of two walnut-sized organs located deep inside a woman's abdomen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure in the ovary that forms after ovulation. It secretes hormones, particularly progesterone, which help prepare the uterine lining for possible implantation of a fertilized ovum. This process is crucial for maintaining a potential pregnancy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is inaccurate as fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes. Choice C describes the fallopian tubes, not the corpus luteum. Choice D refers to the ovaries, not specifically the corpus luteum.

5. Today, Albert Bandura's theory stresses the importance of __________.

• A. behavior modification
• B. punishment
• C. cognition
• D. reinforcement

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Albert Bandura's theory emphasizes the role of cognition in learning through observation. It highlights the significance of mental processes such as attention, memory, and motivation in shaping behavior. Choice A, behavior modification, focuses more on changing specific behaviors through various techniques. Choice B, punishment, involves the application of negative consequences to reduce the likelihood of a behavior occurring. Choice D, reinforcement, centers on the use of rewards or punishments to increase or decrease the probability of a behavior.

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