which expectant mother has the greatest risk of a baby born with fetal alcohol syndrome

ATI RN

Growth and Development Exam

1. Which expectant mother has the greatest risk of a baby born with fetal alcohol syndrome?

A. Chloe, a Caucasian American
B. Latima, an African American
C. Yvonne, a Native American
D. Ming, an Asian American Answer: C Page Ref: 85 Skill Level: Apply known or suspected teratogens. Topic: Prenatal Environmental Influences Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: According to research, Native American populations have the highest prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in the United States. This increased risk is due to various social, cultural, and environmental factors within Native American communities.

2. Unlike Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a _________ process.

A. socially mediated
B. genetically predictable
C. preoperational
D. neurological

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Lev Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a socially mediated process, emphasizing the role of social interactions and cultural influences in shaping a child's cognitive development. This is in contrast to Jean Piaget, who focused more on individual interactions with the environment. Vygotsky believed that cognitive development is significantly influenced by social interactions with others, highlighting the importance of collaborative learning and cultural context. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with Vygotsky's perspective on cognitive development.

3. Which statement is supported by research on newborn taste preferences?

A. Newborns cannot distinguish basic tastes.
B. Not until 4 months do babies prefer a salty taste to plain water.
C. Newborns prefer the taste of formula to breast milk.
D. Unlike adults, babies relax their facial muscles in response to sour tastes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Research on newborn taste preferences has found that not until around 4 months of age do babies start to show a preference for a salty taste over plain water. This indicates that newborns do have some ability to distinguish tastes, contrary to the statement in option A. The statement in option C that newborns prefer the taste of formula to breast milk is not supported by research on newborn taste preferences. Option D, stating that babies relax their facial muscles in response to sour tastes, is also not a supported statement regarding newborn taste preferences.

4. In field experiments, researchers __________.

A. selectively assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings
B. cannot use random assignment or manipulate treatment conditions
C. randomly assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings
D. have stronger control over the treatment than in the laboratory

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In field experiments, researchers randomly assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings. This method allows for a higher level of control over potential confounding variables compared to non-random assignment. Random assignment helps ensure that the groups being compared are comparable at the beginning of the study, which strengthens the internal validity of the research findings. Choice A is incorrect because selective assignment may introduce bias. Choice B is incorrect as researchers can use random assignment in field experiments. Choice D is incorrect because field experiments typically have less control over the treatment compared to laboratory experiments.

5. Which statement about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is true?

A. About 30 percent of all new HIV infections affect women.
B. In South Africa, 30 percent of all pregnant women are HIV-positive.
C. About 30 percent of new HIV infections occur in developing countries.
D. Untreated HIV-infected mothers pass the virus to the fetus 30 percent of the time.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'In South Africa, 30 percent of all pregnant women are HIV-positive.' This statement is true as South Africa has a high prevalence of HIV among pregnant women, emphasizing the need for interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is inaccurate as women account for more than 50% of new HIV infections globally. Choice C is misleading as the majority of new HIV infections actually occur in sub-Saharan Africa, not just developing countries. Choice D is also incorrect as without treatment, the risk of mother-to-child transmission is higher than 30%.