in his research study dr johnson gives participants false feedback about their performance consequently dr johnson should use after the research sess

ATI RN

Growth and Development Exam

1. In his research study, Dr. Johnson gives participants false feedback about their performance. Consequently, Dr. Johnson should use __________ after the research session is over. Copyright Ã‚Â© 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 37 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e

A. informed consent
B. a privacy statement
C. debriefing
D. a placebo Answer: C Page Ref: 39 Skill Level: Apply Topic: Ethics in Lifespan Research Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dr. Johnson should use debriefing after the research session is over because giving participants false feedback may have affected them psychologically. Debriefing involves explaining the true nature of the study, including any deception that occurred, to the participants in order to protect their well-being and address any lingering concerns or misconceptions they may have. It is an important ethical practice in research to ensure participants are fully informed about the study they were involved in.

2. Most cognitive aging research has focused on intellectual ________.

A. stability
B. gains
C. competence
D. deficits

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: deficits.' Most cognitive aging research has indeed focused on deficits rather than stability, gains, or competence. Studies have consistently shown that deficits in processing speed and memory are common in aging individuals, making it a primary area of interest in research. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because cognitive aging research primarily aims to understand and address deficits associated with aging rather than focusing on stability, gains, or overall competence.

3. Evolutionary developmental psychology __________.

A. focuses on how the structures of the mind develop to better fit with, or represent, the external world
B. seeks to understand the adaptive value of species-wide competencies as those competencies change with age
C. views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows
D. brings together researchers from many fields to study changes in the brain and behavior patterns

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Evolutionary developmental psychology seeks to understand the adaptive value of species-wide competencies as those competencies change with age. This field focuses on how psychological traits and behaviors have evolved to enhance survival and reproduction over time. It emphasizes the interaction between evolutionary principles and developmental processes to provide insights into human behavior and cognition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the primary focus of evolutionary developmental psychology. Choice A is more aligned with cognitive psychology, choice C relates to cognitive science, and choice D could pertain to multidisciplinary approaches but not specifically to evolutionary developmental psychology.

4. At Kohlberg's Stage __________, individuals can imagine alternatives to their own social order, and they emphasize fair procedures for interpreting and changing the law.

A. 3, the 'good boy/good girl' orientation
B. 4, the social-order-maintaining orientation
C. 5, the social contract orientation
D. 6, the universal ethical principle orientation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: '5, the social contract orientation.' At Kohlberg's Stage 5, individuals begin to question their own social order and focus on principles of justice and fairness. This stage emphasizes the importance of social contracts and agreements based on mutual benefit. Choice A is incorrect as the 'good boy/good girl' orientation is characteristic of Stage 3. Choice B, the social-order-maintaining orientation, does not align with the description provided in the question. Choice D, the universal ethical principle orientation, is associated with Stage 6, where individuals act based on self-chosen ethical principles.

5. By the twelfth week of pregnancy, __________.

A. the sex of the fetus can be detected with ultrasound
B. the mother can feel the movements of the fetus
C. the fetus is viable and can survive if born early
D. synchrony between fetal heart rate and motor activity peaks Answer: A Page Ref: 79 Skill Level: Understand Copyright Ã‚Â© 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 6 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: By the twelfth week of pregnancy, the sex of the fetus can be detected with ultrasound. Ultrasound technology allows for visualization of the developing fetus and identification of physical characteristics, such as sex, during prenatal appointments.