Nursing Elites

1. When counseling a teenager about fast food, a dental hygienist could correctly cite which of the following facts, with one exception. Which is the exception?

• A. Most fast food menus lack a rich source of vitamin A
• B. Consumer demands have driven the establishment of salads and other healthy menu items
• C. Shortages of biotin, folate, pantothenic acid, and copper are reported in fast foods
• D. Studies reveal that protein is lacking in most menu items

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D'. Fast food is generally not deficient in protein since it often contains meat, a significant source of protein. On the other hand, fast food is known to lack essential nutrients like Vitamin A and certain minerals, as mentioned in choices 'A' and 'C'. Choice 'B' is also accurate as many fast food establishments have started offering healthier options such as salads due to customer demands. Therefore, all options are true except 'D', which makes it the exception.

2. A nurse is providing preventative information to a group of parents with toddlers about choking. Which food item should the nurse recommend for this age group?

• A. Banana slices
• B. Popcorn
• C. Hot dogs
• D. Carrot sticks

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Banana slices are the most suitable food option for toddlers to prevent choking. Toddlers are at a higher risk of choking due to their small airways and developing chewing abilities. Banana slices are soft, easy to chew, and less likely to cause choking compared to other options. Popcorn and hot dogs are common choking hazards for young children due to their shape and texture. While carrot sticks may be a healthy choice, they can also pose a choking risk due to their hardness and shape. Therefore, recommending banana slices to parents of toddlers is the safest choice to prevent choking incidents, making choice 'A' the correct answer. Choices 'B', 'C', and 'D' are incorrect because they can potentially cause choking in toddlers.

3. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for clients in the acute manic phase of bipolar disorder is:

• A. Risk for injury directed to self
• B. Risk for injury directed to others
• C. Impaired nutrition less than body requirements
• D. Ineffective individual coping

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

4. What would you do to increase the amount of iron absorbed from a meal?

• A. Drink plenty of coffee before each meal
• B. Avoid eating foods rich in vitamin C with the meal
• C. Eat a calcium-rich food with the meal
• D. Consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal'. This is because Vitamin C significantly enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, a form of iron found in plant-based foods. Therefore, consuming orange juice, which is rich in vitamin C, with a meal can effectively increase iron absorption. On the contrary, choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Coffee (Choice A) contains polyphenols that can inhibit iron absorption. Avoiding vitamin C-rich foods (Choice B) would decrease iron absorption, not increase it. While calcium (Choice C) is essential for many bodily processes, it can actually inhibit iron absorption when consumed together.

5. Which of the following interventions should be considered the highest priority when caring for June, who has hemiparesis secondary to a stroke?

• A. Position June in an upright lateral position
• B. Perform range of motion exercises
• C. Apply antiembolic stockings
• D. Use hand rolls or pillows for support

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Apply antiembolic stockings'. In the case of a patient who has experienced a stroke and is suffering from hemiparesis, the highest priority intervention is to prevent further complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can be life-threatening. Antiembolic stockings are used to increase venous blood flow velocity and reduce the risk of DVT. Choice 'A', positioning June in an upright lateral position, while important for overall care, is not the highest priority. Choice 'B', performing range of motion exercises, is an important part of recovery but not the immediate priority. Choice 'D', using hand rolls or pillows for support, is also a valuable intervention but does not address the most pressing risk of further complications.

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