Nursing Elites

1. Which item is typically fortified with iodine to address iodine deficiency in the population?

• A. Flour
• B. Salt
• C. Canned vegetables
• D. Drinking water

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Iodized salt is the correct answer. Iodine deficiency can lead to thyroid problems, so iodine is added to salt to ensure an adequate intake of this essential nutrient. Flour is often fortified with other nutrients like folic acid, iron, and niacin, but not iodine. Canned vegetables and drinking water are not typically fortified with iodine to address deficiency in the population.

2. Cocaine is derived from the leaves of coca plant; the nurse knows that cocaine is classified as:

• A. Narcotic
• B. Stimulant
• C. Barbiturate
• D. Hallucinogen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

3. Nurse Joel and Ana are helping a 16-year-old Nursing Student in a case filed against the student for frustrated homicide. Nurse Joel and Ana are aware of the different circumstances of crimes. They are correct in identifying which of the following circumstances will be best applied in this case?

• A. Justifying
• B. Aggravating
• C. Mitigating
• D. Exempting

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In cases of frustrated homicide, the circumstance of 'justifying' is the most applicable. Justifying circumstances are those that exempt the individual from criminal liability because the act is considered morally right or justified under the circumstances. Aggravating circumstances would worsen the offense, mitigating circumstances would lessen the penalty, and exempting circumstances would completely excuse the individual from liability, none of which are suitable in a case of frustrated homicide.

4. Which organ produces and secretes bicarbonate ions and insulin?

• A. Stomach
• B. Pancreas
• C. Large intestine
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pancreas is the correct answer because it performs two vital functions: producing bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine and secreting insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. The stomach is incorrect because its primary function is to break down and digest food, not produce bicarbonate ions or insulin. The large and small intestines are also incorrect because their primary functions are to absorb nutrients and water from food, rather than producing bicarbonate ions or insulin.

5. Which dietary modification is most suitable for a client with type 2 diabetes who wants to improve glycemic control?

• A. Increase intake of saturated fats
• B. Decrease intake of refined carbohydrates
• C. Completely avoid all fruits
• D. Increase intake of sugary snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Decreasing the intake of refined carbohydrates is the most effective dietary modification for a client with type 2 diabetes who aims to improve their glycemic control. Refined carbohydrates can cause sudden spikes in blood sugar levels, making diabetes management more difficult. Increasing the intake of saturated fats (Choice A) is not advisable as it can negatively impact heart health. Completely avoiding all fruits (Choice C) is unnecessary because most fruits have a low glycemic index and provide essential nutrients. Increasing the intake of sugary snacks (Choice D) will deteriorate glycemic control due to their high sugar content.

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