Nursing Elites

1. Uric acid kidney stones are most commonly associated with what condition?

• A. diabetes
• B. hypercalcemia
• C. gout
• D. diarrhea

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gout is a condition characterized by high levels of uric acid, which can lead to the formation of uric acid kidney stones due to the crystallization of uric acid in the kidneys.

2. Is it correct that eliminating sucrose from the diet leads to a significant reduction in dental caries, and that the best advice is to consume sugar in moderation and limit the frequency of sugar exposure?

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The first statement is incorrect because dental caries are not solely caused by sucrose. They are the result of a complex interaction of multiple factors, including the type of bacteria in the mouth, the host's diet, oral hygiene, and salivary flow. The second statement is correct as consuming sugar in moderation and limiting the frequency of sugar exposure are indeed effective strategies to prevent dental caries. Therefore, the answer is option D: The first statement is false; the second is true.

3. What is the primary food safety concern for a patient undergoing chemotherapy?

• A. Possible food allergy reactions
• B. Possible food-drug interactions
• C. Possible pesticide residue
• D. Potential risk of foodborne illness

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Potential risk of foodborne illness. Patients undergoing chemotherapy have compromised immune systems, making them more susceptible to foodborne illnesses. Chemotherapy can reduce the count of white blood cells, which impairs the body's ability to fight off infections from bacteria or other pathogens that might be present in food. Therefore, the prevention of foodborne illnesses is a critical concern for these patients. Choices A, B, and C, while they represent valid concerns for food safety in general, are not the primary concern for patients undergoing chemotherapy. These patients are at a heightened risk of experiencing severe complications from foodborne illnesses, making it a more significant concern than potential food allergies, food-drug interactions, or pesticide residues.

4. In a patient with liver cirrhosis, weight gain due to fluid retention can mask the symptoms of what condition?

• A. Liver failure
• B. Gallbladder disease
• C. Heart failure
• D. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a patient with liver cirrhosis, weight gain due to fluid retention can mask Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) symptoms. This can lead to an increase in weight, making it challenging to identify weight loss or muscle wasting associated with PEM. Therefore, option D is correct. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because fluid retention and weight gain related to liver cirrhosis do not necessarily hide the symptoms of liver failure, gallbladder disease, or heart failure.

5. Surgery schedules are communicated to the OR usually a day prior to the procedure by the nurse of the floor or ward where the patient is confined. For orthopedic cases, what department is usually informed to be present in the OR?

• A. Rehabilitation department
• B. Laboratory department
• C. Maintenance department
• D. Radiology department

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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