Nursing Elites

1. For a patient on a ketogenic diet, which macronutrient is primarily increased?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Protein
• C. Fats
• D. Fiber

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fats. A ketogenic diet is characterized by high fat intake, moderate protein intake, and very low carbohydrate intake. This diet aims to shift the body's metabolism to use fat as the primary source of energy instead of carbohydrates. Increasing fat intake while reducing carbohydrates is essential for achieving and maintaining a state of ketosis. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the macronutrient adjustments required for a ketogenic diet.

2. Through the client’s health history, you gather that Mr. Dizon smokes and drinks coffee. When taking the blood pressure of a client who recently smoked or drank coffee, how long should the nurse wait before taking the client’s blood pressure for accurate reading?

• A. 15 minutes
• B. 30 minutes
• C. 1 hour
• D. 5 minutes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

3. A client with frequent kidney stones is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Limit your intake of dairy products.
• B. Increase your consumption of protein-rich foods.
• C. Avoid eating tree nuts, such as almonds.
• D. Take a vitamin C supplement twice daily.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to limit their intake of dairy products. Dairy products are high in calcium and can contribute to kidney stone formation in susceptible individuals. Increasing protein intake may lead to higher excretion of calcium, which can exacerbate kidney stone formation. While tree nuts are high in oxalates, which can contribute to kidney stone formation, it is not the primary concern in this case. Vitamin C supplements can increase oxalate levels in the urine, potentially increasing the risk of kidney stone formation, so it should not be recommended.

4. The nurse’s most unique tool in working with the emotionally ill client is his/her

• A. theoretical knowledge
• B. personality make up
• C. emotional reactions
• D. communication skills

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

5. An emerging technique in screening for Breast Cancer in developing countries like the Philippines is:

• A. Mammography once a year starting at the age of 50
• B. Clinical BSE Once a year
• C. BSE Once a month
• D. Pap smear starting at the age of 18 or earlier if sexually active

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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