ATI RN
Exam 4 Psychology
1. Unlike other types of anxiety disorders, this one is not triggered by anything specific, hence the name free-floating anxiety.
- A. Social anxiety disorder
- B. Generalized anxiety disorder
- C. Panic disorder
- D. Specific phobia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive worry or anxiety that is not triggered by specific situations or objects, hence the term 'free-floating anxiety.' Social anxiety disorder (A) is characterized by fear and anxiety about social situations, panic disorder (C) involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks, and specific phobia (D) is an intense fear of a specific object or situation. Therefore, B is the most appropriate choice in the context of anxiety not being triggered by specific stimuli.
2. Dr. Haldol has several patients with schizophrenia who appear to exhibit excessive or distorted characteristics in relation to what one might consider normal functioning. Specific symptoms include varied hallucinations and multiple delusions. According to the DSM-5, these are referred to as?
- A. Flat affect
- B. Positive symptoms
- C. Negative symptoms
- D. Catatonia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Positive symptoms. Positive symptoms in schizophrenia are behaviors or experiences that are added to normal functioning, such as hallucinations and delusions. These symptoms are considered 'positive' because they represent an excess or distortion of normal functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Flat affect refers to a reduction in emotional expression, negative symptoms involve deficits in normal functioning such as reduced emotional expression or motivation, and catatonia is a state of unresponsiveness.
3. Which of the following characteristics best describes differences between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?
- A. Individuals with anorexia nervosa do not have as severe health risks as individuals with bulimia nervosa have.
- B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may have a normal body weight.
- C. Individuals with anorexia nervosa have been known to binge like those with bulimia nervosa on occasion.
- D. Only those with bulimia nervosa display compensatory behaviors.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa may maintain a normal body weight, while anorexia nervosa is often associated with severe underweight. Choice A is incorrect because individuals with anorexia nervosa actually face severe health risks due to malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications. Choice C is incorrect as anorexia nervosa is characterized by restriction of food intake rather than binge eating. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with anorexia nervosa can also display compensatory behaviors such as excessive exercise or fasting.
4. Barney helps his younger brother, who has just learned to cycle on his own, to navigate narrow roads and sharp turns. Vygotsky will refer to this as ________?
- A. Microsystem
- B. Macrosystem
- C. Mesosystem
- D. Exosystem
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, where Barney is assisting his younger brother in navigating narrow roads and sharp turns, Vygotsky would refer to this as an example of the 'mesosystem.' The mesosystem involves the interactions between different systems in a child's environment, such as family and peers. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A) Microsystem refers to the immediate environment where the child lives, like home and school; B) Macrosystem encompasses the larger cultural context; D) Exosystem involves external settings that indirectly influence the child.
5. How do early life experiences shape brain development and behavior?
- A. Early life experiences have no impact on brain development.
- B. Early life experiences are crucial in shaping brain development and later behavior.
- C. Early life experiences are not significant in brain development.
- D. Early life experiences are easily overcome by adulthood.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Early life experiences are crucial in shaping brain development and later behavior. These experiences play a significant role in laying the foundation for future mental health and behavior. Choice A is incorrect because early life experiences do have a profound impact on brain development. Choice C is incorrect as early life experiences are indeed significant in brain development. Choice D is incorrect as early life experiences can have lasting effects into adulthood.
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