Nursing Elites

1. What impact do parenting styles have on child development?

• A. Authoritarian parenting leads to positive developmental outcomes.
• B. Permissive parenting is associated with positive developmental outcomes.
• C. Neglectful parenting is associated with positive developmental outcomes.
• D. All parenting styles produce similar developmental outcomes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Permissive parenting is associated with positive developmental outcomes because it involves warmth and a lack of strict control. Authoritarian parenting, as mentioned in choice A, is characterized by strict rules and harsh discipline, which may not lead to the best developmental outcomes. Neglectful parenting, as in choice C, involves a lack of responsiveness and support, which can have detrimental effects on a child's development. Choice D is incorrect because different parenting styles can have varying impacts on child development.

2. Marissa wants to study people's emotional reactions to increases in temperature. Her classmate, Bernard, tells her that she should focus on observable behaviors rather than internal states in her study. Bernard's views are most similar to those found in?

• A. The psychodynamic perspective.
• B. The evolutionary perspective.
• C. The behavioral perspective.
• D. The biological perspective.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Bernard's advice to focus on observable behaviors aligns with the behavioral perspective. Behaviorists emphasize studying external actions rather than internal states to understand human behavior. The psychodynamic perspective (Choice A) focuses on unconscious processes, the evolutionary perspective (Choice B) on adaptation and natural selection, and the biological perspective (Choice D) on the biological underpinnings of behavior, making them less similar to Bernard's suggestion.

3. What does incidence refer to?

• A. How many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period of time
• B. How many people have recovered from a disorder in a given period of time
• C. The percentage of males and females who have a disorder
• D. How many people in the population as a whole have a disorder

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'How many new cases of a disorder occur during a given period of time.' Incidence specifically measures the rate of occurrence of new cases of a particular condition within a defined population and time frame. This distinguishes it from prevalence, which includes both new and existing cases. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately define the term 'incidence.' Choice B refers to recovery, choice C mentions gender distribution, and choice D relates to the total population affected by a disorder, which are not reflective of the concept of incidence.

4. a researcher found that there is a negative relationship between perceived parental perfectionism and life satisfaction. what does this mean?

• A. Respondents who reported higher levels of perceived parental perfectionism are more likely to report higher levels of life satisfaction
• B. Respondents who reported higher levels of perceived parental perfectionism are more likely to report lower levels of life satisfaction
• C. Perceived parental perfectionism causes a decline in life satisfaction
• D. Any of the above is correct

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A negative relationship means that as one variable increases, the other decreases, so higher perceived parental perfectionism is associated with lower life satisfaction.

5. Isabel is listening to a piece of classical music and tape recording all her feelings and impressions as she experiences them. Isabel is using a technique similar to the research methodology of?

• A. Structuralism.
• B. Functionalism.
• C. Behaviorism.
• D. Humanism.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Structuralism. Structuralism involves introspection, where individuals report their thoughts and feelings while engaging with stimuli. In this scenario, Isabel is recording her feelings and impressions while listening to music, which aligns with the introspective nature of structuralism. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because functionalism focuses on the purpose of behaviors, behaviorism emphasizes observable behaviors and environmental influences, and humanism highlights individual growth and personal experiences rather than introspection.

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