Nursing Elites

1. Why does the selection of a theoretical perspective of mental disorders matter?

• A. Because it determines how data is interpreted, and influences treatment approaches.
• B. It matters because different perspectives offer different insights into the causes and treatments of mental disorders.
• C. The selection of a theoretical perspective is not important as all perspectives lead to the same treatment outcomes.
• D. Theoretical perspectives are only relevant for academic research, not for clinical practice.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The selection of a theoretical perspective matters because it determines how data is interpreted and influences the treatment approaches that are considered appropriate. Choice B is incorrect because different perspectives may lead to different interpretations and treatment strategies. Choice C is incorrect because different theoretical perspectives can result in varied treatment outcomes. Choice D is incorrect because theoretical perspectives play a crucial role in both academic research and clinical practice.

2. The ability to adapt successfully to even very difficult circumstances is called ________.

• A. resilience
• B. hardiness
• C. perseverance
• D. a challenge orientation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Resilience is indeed the correct term for the ability to adapt successfully to difficult circumstances. Resilience involves bouncing back from setbacks, handling stress, and persevering in the face of adversity. Choice B, 'hardiness,' refers more to toughness or durability rather than adapting to difficult circumstances. Choice C, 'perseverance,' is about persistence and determination rather than adaptability. Choice D, 'a challenge orientation,' does not directly relate to the ability to adapt to difficult circumstances, making it an incorrect choice.

3. Finding meaning in life and dealing with death form core values in which of the following perspectives?

• A. Existential
• B. Humanistic
• C. Behavioral
• D. Object Relations

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Existential. Existentialism is a philosophical perspective that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It focuses on finding meaning in life and dealing with fundamental issues such as death. This perspective is characterized by concepts like authenticity, responsibility, and the search for purpose. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while they may address certain aspects of human behavior or relationships, they do not specifically emphasize the search for meaning and the confrontation with death as core values.

4. Which of the following did Freud believe played a causal role in the development of most forms of psychopathology?

• A. Anxiety
• B. Depression
• C. Unresolved conflicts between the ego and the superego
• D. Fixation in the oral stage

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Freud believed that anxiety was a primary causal factor in the development of most forms of psychopathology. Anxiety, according to Freud, arises from conflicts within the mind, particularly conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. This unresolved conflict can lead to various psychological issues. While depression can be a symptom of psychopathology, Freud emphasized anxiety as a more foundational element. Unresolved conflicts between the ego and the superego are related to Freud's structural model of the mind but are not the primary causal factor in psychopathology. Fixation in the oral stage is a concept from Freud's psychosexual stages of development and is not directly linked to the causal role in the development of most forms of psychopathology.

5. Genes ________.

• A. determine how a person will behave.
• B. cause people to develop mental disorders.
• C. determine what characteristics a person will have.
• D. determine the range of characteristics a person has.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Genes determine the range of characteristics a person has. This is the correct answer because genes contribute to a variety of traits and characteristics a person may have, influencing physical attributes, predispositions to certain conditions, and more. Choice A is incorrect because behavior is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Choice B is incorrect because mental disorders are complex conditions influenced by various factors beyond just genes. Choice C is incorrect because genes do not solely determine all characteristics a person will have, as environmental factors also play a significant role.

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