to prevent baby bottle tooth decay what should the nurse instruct

ATI RN

Nutrition ATI Test

1. To prevent baby bottle tooth decay, what should the nurse instruct?

A. Water
B. Milk
C. Iron-fortified formula
D. Unsweetened fruit juice

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Water. Water is the best choice to prevent baby bottle tooth decay as it does not cause tooth decay and is a good option for bedtime bottles. Milk (choice B) and iron-fortified formula (choice C) contain sugars that can contribute to tooth decay. Unsweetened fruit juice (choice D) also contains natural sugars that can be harmful to the baby's teeth.

2. A nurse is providing teaching to an obese client who has gestational diabetes and is at 25 weeks of gestation. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A. This does not mean that my baby will have this disease.
B. This means that I will have diabetes for the rest of my life.
C. If I feel dizzy, I should drink six ounces of a non-diet soda.
D. Being obese might be one reason why I developed diabetes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement 'This means that I will have diabetes for the rest of my life' indicates a need for further teaching. Gestational diabetes often resolves after pregnancy, although it does indicate a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The other choices are correct or provide appropriate information: A) Understanding that gestational diabetes does not mean the baby will have the disease is accurate. C) Advising to drink non-diet soda if feeling dizzy is incorrect and potentially harmful due to the sugar content. D) Recognizing that obesity can be a risk factor for developing diabetes is a valid statement.

3. A condition that often progresses to become type 2 diabetes mellitus is:

A. type 1 diabetes mellitus
B. high blood pressure
C. chronic pancreatitis
D. impaired glucose tolerance

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Impaired glucose tolerance is a pre-diabetic state characterized by higher than normal blood sugar levels. It is often associated with insulin resistance and can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Choice A) is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells, leading to a lack of insulin production. High blood pressure (Choice B) and chronic pancreatitis (Choice C) are not directly linked to the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

4. Each statement regarding the correlation between vitamin D and sun exposure is accurate, except one. Which is the exception?

A. The body can produce sufficient amounts of vitamin D from sunlight.
B. UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3 by penetrating uncovered skin.
C. Sunscreen blocks the formation of vitamin D3.
D. By the age of 70 years, the skin generally produces vitamin D at only half the level it did at the age of 20 years.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: While UV radiation can penetrate uncovered skin and convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, sunscreen does block the formation of vitamin D3. Sunscreen is recommended by dermatologists to prevent sunburn and reduce the risk of skin cancer. The other choices are correct: the body can produce sufficient vitamin D from sunlight, UV radiation can convert a precursor of vitamin D to vitamin D3, and skin generally produces less vitamin D as a person ages.

5. An advance directive known as a durable power of attorney involves appointing another person called a(n) _____ to act as the decision maker in the event of the patient's incapacitation.

A. witness
B. primary caregiver
C. health care agent
D. state proxy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'health care agent.' A health care agent is appointed through a durable power of attorney to make medical decisions on behalf of a patient who becomes incapacitated. The term 'witness' (choice A) is incorrect because a witness only observes the signing of the directive and does not make decisions. 'Primary caregiver' (choice B) is also incorrect as they may provide care but are not necessarily legally empowered to make decisions. 'State proxy' (choice D) is not commonly used in the context of advance directives or health care decision making, making it an incorrect choice.