Nursing Elites

1. Individuals who use antiretroviral drugs frequently develop insulin resistance and _____.

• A. hypertension
• B. hypothyroidism
• C. hyperlipidemia
• D. fluid retention

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hyperlipidemia. Antiretroviral drugs can often lead to elevated lipid levels (hyperlipidemia), which is a common side effect of this therapy. This increase in lipids can contribute to cardiovascular risk. Hypertension (choice A) is not typically associated with antiretroviral drug use. Hypothyroidism (choice B) and fluid retention (choice D) are also not commonly linked to antiretroviral therapy.

2. Which set of guidelines is intended to assess nutrient adequacy or plan intake of a population group, not individuals?

• A. RDA
• B. EAR
• C. DRA
• D. UL

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the correct choice because it is specifically designed to assess the nutrient adequacy of population groups, not individuals. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) (choice A) is the average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) (choice C) includes the EAR, RDA, Adequate Intake (AI), and UL, making it a broader set of nutrient reference values. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) (choice D) is the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.

3. A nurse is teaching a group of clients who are at risk for heart disease about decreasing saturated fats in their diet. Which of the following fats should the nurse recommend the clients use when cooking?

• A. Palm oil
• B. Peanut oil
• C. Canola oil
• D. Stick margarine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Canola oil is lower in saturated fats compared to palm oil, peanut oil, and stick margarine, making it a healthier option for clients at risk for heart disease. Palm oil is high in saturated fats, peanut oil has a moderate amount of saturated fats, and stick margarine is also high in saturated fats and trans fats, which are not heart-healthy choices.

4. High blood pressure is defined as systolic and diastolic measurements greater than or equal to:

• A. 140 mm Hg and 90 mm Hg, respectively
• B. 150 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg, respectively
• C. 160 mm Hg and 110 mm Hg, respectively
• D. 180 mm Hg and 120 mm Hg, respectively

Correct answer: A

Rationale: High blood pressure, or hypertension, is typically defined as having a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because it suggests a higher systolic measurement than the standard definition. Choice C is incorrect as it provides an even higher systolic measurement and a much higher diastolic measurement. Choice D is also incorrect as it suggests extremely elevated blood pressure values, well above the typical definition of hypertension.

5. A nurse is reviewing blood glucose values for a client who is at risk for Diabetes Mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

• A. 2-hour glucose tolerance test level 150 mg/dL
• B. Fasting blood glucose 70 mg/dL
• C. Glycosylated hemoglobin 5%
• D. Casual blood glucose 90 mg/dL

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. A 2-hour glucose tolerance test level of 150 mg/dL is above the normal range and should be reported to the provider as it indicates impaired glucose tolerance. Choice B (Fasting blood glucose 70 mg/dL) is within the normal range. Choice C (Glycosylated hemoglobin 5%) is also within the normal range. Choice D (Casual blood glucose 90 mg/dL) is within the normal range and does not indicate impaired glucose tolerance.

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