Nursing Elites

1. Individuals who use antiretroviral drugs frequently develop insulin resistance and _____.

• A. hypertension
• B. hypothyroidism
• C. hyperlipidemia
• D. fluid retention

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hyperlipidemia. Antiretroviral drugs can often lead to elevated lipid levels (hyperlipidemia), which is a common side effect of this therapy. This increase in lipids can contribute to cardiovascular risk. Hypertension (choice A) is not typically associated with antiretroviral drug use. Hypothyroidism (choice B) and fluid retention (choice D) are also not commonly linked to antiretroviral therapy.

2. By force of law, therefore, the PRC-Board of Nursing released Resolution No. 14 Series of 1999 entitled: "Adoption of a Nursing Specialty Certification Program and Creation of Nursing Specialty Certification Council." This rule-making power is called:

• A. Quasi-Judicial Power
• B. Regulatory Power
• C. Quasi-Legislative Power
• D. Executive/Promulgating Power

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Regulatory Power. Regulatory power involves the authority to create rules and regulations that govern a specific area. In this case, the PRC-Board of Nursing's release of Resolution No. 14 Series of 1999 for the Nursing Specialty Certification Program falls under regulatory power as it establishes guidelines and standards for nursing specialty certification. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Quasi-judicial power involves making decisions on rights and obligations, quasi-legislative power involves creating regulations with the force of law, and executive/promulgating power involves enforcing and implementing laws and regulations.

3. For a patient on a ketogenic diet, which macronutrient is primarily increased?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Protein
• C. Fats
• D. Fiber

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fats. A ketogenic diet is characterized by high fat intake, moderate protein intake, and very low carbohydrate intake. This diet aims to shift the body's metabolism to use fat as the primary source of energy instead of carbohydrates. Increasing fat intake while reducing carbohydrates is essential for achieving and maintaining a state of ketosis. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the macronutrient adjustments required for a ketogenic diet.

4. Each of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin except for one. Which is the exception?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Vitamin C. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, not fat-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are Vitamins A, D, E, and K. These vitamins are stored in the body's fat tissues and liver, unlike water-soluble vitamins which are not stored and are eliminated in urine, making them less likely to reach toxic levels.

5. What outcome has been shown to be a benefit of breastfeeding that directly impacts the mother?

• A. conserving calcium stores
• B. contracting the uterus
• C. protecting against future hypertension
• D. speeding the resumption of ovulation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, contracting the uterus. Breastfeeding helps contract the uterus after childbirth, reducing postpartum bleeding and helping the uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size more quickly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because conserving calcium stores, protecting against future hypertension, and speeding the resumption of ovulation are not direct benefits of breastfeeding to the mother.

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