select all that apply which nutrients are needed by the body to make hemoglobin

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored

1. Select all that apply. Which nutrients are needed by the body to make hemoglobin?

A. Iron
B. Vitamin B12
C. Niacin
D. Folate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iron. Iron is an essential nutrient needed by the body to make hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. While other nutrients like vitamin B12, niacin, and folate are important for various bodily functions, they are not directly involved in the production of hemoglobin. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and DNA synthesis, niacin is important for metabolism, and folate is crucial for cell division and DNA synthesis. Therefore, only iron is specifically required for hemoglobin production.

2. The mechanism behind most CKD in patients without diabetes is mediated by:

A. enzyme systems
B. immune systems
C. catabolic systems
D. hormonal systems

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In non-diabetic patients, CKD is often mediated by immune system responses. Chronic inflammation triggered by immune system dysfunction can contribute to progressive kidney damage. Therefore, the correct answer is 'immune systems.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because CKD in non-diabetic patients is primarily associated with immune system abnormalities rather than enzyme, catabolic, or hormonal systems.

3. In persons who are obese, weight reduction can improve such CHD risk factors as hypertension, blood lipid abnormalities, and?

A. inflammation
B. insulin resistance
C. gastrointestinal motility disorders
D. damage from cigarette smoking

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Weight reduction in obese individuals can improve insulin resistance, a key factor in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

4. Does the reduction in oxidative damage that occurs with energy restriction in animals also occur in people whose diets include _____?

A. fiber and carbohydrates
B. fatty acids and protein
C. probiotics
D. antioxidants and phytochemicals

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'antioxidants and phytochemicals'. Antioxidants and phytochemicals help reduce oxidative damage in the body, contributing to healthy aging and a lower risk of chronic diseases. This is the same effect observed in animals when their energy intake is restricted. The other choices are incorrect as there is no direct evidence connecting reduced oxidative damage with diets high in fiber and carbohydrates, fatty acids and protein, or probiotics.

5. Which monosaccharide is the most sweet?

A. Glucose
B. Dextrose
C. Fructose
D. Sucrose

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fructose is the sweetest of the monosaccharides. Note that glucose and dextrose are the same, and sucrose is a disaccharide, not a monosaccharide.