Nursing Elites

1. For a client with metabolic syndrome, which dietary change is most beneficial?

• A. Increase intake of refined sugars
• B. Decrease intake of trans fats
• C. Increase intake of red meat
• D. Decrease intake of whole grains

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Decreasing trans fats helps manage metabolic syndrome by improving lipid profiles.

2. Integrated management for childhood illness is the universal protocol of care endorsed by WHO and is used by different countries worldwide, including the Philippines. In any case that the nurse classifies the child and categorizes the signs and symptoms in the PINK category, you know that this means:

• A. Urgent referral
• B. Antibiotic Management
• C. Home treatment
• D. Outpatient treatment facility is needed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a child is classified under the PINK category in the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines, it signifies the need for antibiotic management. This category indicates severe signs and symptoms requiring immediate antibiotic treatment to address the underlying infection. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the PINK category specifically calls for urgent antibiotic management rather than urgent referral, home treatment, or outpatient treatment facility.

3. Which medical problem is not generally associated with malnutrition?

• A. incontinence
• B. pressure sores
• C. celiac disease
• D. major surgery

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Incontinence is not typically associated with malnutrition, whereas conditions like pressure sores and celiac disease are directly linked to nutritional deficiencies and malabsorption.

4. Who most often prescribes a patient's diet order?

• A. Registered Nurse
• B. Physician
• C. Registered Dietetic Technician
• D. Occupational Therapist

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A patient's dietary order is most frequently prescribed by a physician. This is because the physician has a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical condition and can thus determine the most suitable dietary plan. Registered dietitians often collaborate with physicians in this process, but the final prescription is made by the physician. Although registered nurses, dietetic technicians, and occupational therapists play significant roles in patient care, they typically do not prescribe diet orders.

5. What is the digestive action of bile?

• A. It breaks down carbohydrates
• B. It breaks down proteins
• C. It breaks down lipids
• D. It aids in fat digestion

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bile, which is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aids in the digestion of fats. It does this by emulsifying the fats, which makes them easier for the digestive enzymes, such as lipase, to break down. While choices A, B, and C could be seen as partially correct since fats are a type of lipid and the process of breaking down fats could be seen as breaking down lipids, the most accurate answer is D, as the primary function of bile is to aid in fat digestion, not the digestion of all types of lipids or the digestion of proteins or carbohydrates.

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