Nursing Elites

1. The provision of health information in the rural areas nationwide through television and radio programs and video conferencing is referred to as:

• A. Community health program
• B. Telehealth program
• C. Wellness program
• D. Red Cross program

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

2. Which of the following is a factor that affects Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

• A. Age
• B. Sleep
• C. Fasting/Starvation
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: All the listed options (Age, Sleep, Fasting/Starvation, Activity Level) are factors that can affect a person's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). BMR is the number of calories your body needs to accomplish its most basic (basal) life-sustaining functions. Age can affect BMR as metabolism slows with age. Sleep can influence BMR as metabolism slows during sleep. Fasting or starvation can decrease BMR as the body conserves energy. Activity level can also influence BMR; the more active you are, the higher your BMR, as your body requires more energy for physical activities.

3. Which of the following is the most important risk factor for development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

• A. Cigarette smoking
• B. Occupational exposure
• C. Air pollution
• D. Genetic abnormalities

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

4. A multivitamin supplement containing folic acid is recommended for all young women because of the number of unintentional pregnancies in women 15 to 24 years old.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. A multivitamin with folic acid is recommended for young women due to the high incidence of unplanned pregnancies in this age group.

5. In which type of shock does the patient experience a mismatch of blood flow to the cells?

• A. Distributive
• B. Cardiogenic
• C. Hypovolemic
• D. Septic

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Distributive shock. Distributive shock is characterized by a widespread increase in vascular permeability leading to a relative hypovolemia and a mismatch of blood flow to the cells. Choice B, Cardiogenic shock, is due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Choice C, Hypovolemic shock, results from a decrease in intravascular volume. Choice D, Septic shock, is caused by a systemic response to infection.

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