Nursing Elites

1. What principle is used when the client with fever loses heat through giving cooling bed bath to lower body temperature?

• A. Radiation C. Evaporation
• B. Convection D. Conduction
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

2. Which type of immunity is demonstrated by the transfer of a mother's immunoglobulin across the placenta to protect the child?

• A. Natural active immunity
• B. Natural passive immunity
• C. Artificial active immunity
• D. Artificial passive immunity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The immunoglobulin passed from the mother to the child through the placenta is an example of natural passive immunity, making choice B the correct answer. This transfer gives the child temporary immunity to various diseases without their immune system having to work. On the other hand, natural active immunity (Choice A) occurs when the body produces its own antibodies in response to an antigen. Artificial active immunity (Choice C) is achieved through vaccinations, where the immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against a specific disease. Artificial passive immunity (Choice D) is a temporary immunity that involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from another source.

3. A nurse is teaching a client about iron-rich foods. Which food is the best source of heme iron?

• A. Spinach
• B. Lentils
• C. Beef liver
• D. Tofu

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Heme iron, found in animal products like beef liver, is more easily absorbed than non-heme iron from plant sources.

4. In monitoring the patient in PACU, the nurse correctly identifies that checking the patient's vital signs is done every:

• A. 1 hour
• B. 5 minutes
• C. 15 minutes
• D. 30 minutes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Vital signs monitoring in the PACU (Post-Anesthesia Care Unit) is typically done every hour to closely monitor the patient's condition during the immediate postoperative period. This frequency allows the nurse to promptly identify any changes in the patient's vital signs and intervene as necessary. Choice B (5 minutes) is too frequent for routine vital signs monitoring in the PACU and may not allow for a comprehensive assessment of the patient's stability. Choice C (15 minutes) and Choice D (30 minutes) are also not in line with the standard practice of vital signs monitoring in the PACU, which is typically hourly.

5. Which client is most likely to need regular injections of vitamin B12?

• A. The client with malabsorption syndrome.
• B. The client following a vegan eating pattern.
• C. The client whose stomach does not produce intrinsic factors.
• D. The client with alcoholism.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The client whose stomach does not produce intrinsic factors is most likely to need regular injections of vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12. Without intrinsic factor, the client cannot absorb vitamin B12 from food, necessitating the need for regular injections. Choices A, B, and D do not directly impact the production of intrinsic factors in the stomach, so they are less likely to result in the need for vitamin B12 injections.

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