ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children Final ATI
1. The parents of a young child ask the nurse for suggestions about discipline. When discussing the use of time-outs, which should the nurse include?
- A. Send the child to his or her room if the child has one.
- B. A general rule for length of time is 1 hour per year of age.
- C. Select an area that is safe and nonstimulating, such as a hallway.
- D. If the child cries, refuses, or is more disruptive, try another approach.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Time-outs should be in a safe, nonstimulating area, with the length typically being 1 minute per year of the child's age, not 1 hour.
2. The clinic nurse is assessing a child with a heavy ascariasis lumbricoides (common roundworm) infection. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Anemia
- B. Anorexia
- C. All are applicable
- D. Intestinal colic
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A heavy roundworm infection can cause anemia, anorexia, irritability, and an enlarged abdomen due to the worms’ effects on nutrient absorption and intestinal function.
3. Which pediatric condition is characterized by a "string sign" on an upper GI series?
- A. Intussusception
- B. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- C. Hirschsprung disease
- D. Meckel diverticulum
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The "string sign" is associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, a condition where the pyloric canal is narrowed, leading to gastric outlet obstruction. Intussusception (choice A) typically presents with colicky abdominal pain and currant jelly stools. Hirschsprung disease (choice C) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon. Meckel diverticulum (choice D) is a congenital outpouching of the small intestine that can present with painless rectal bleeding.
4. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a 'machine-like' murmur in children?
- A. Patent ductus arteriosus
- B. Ventricular septal defect
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. Coarctation of the aorta
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Patent ductus arteriosus. This condition is characterized by a continuous 'machine-like' murmur due to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Ventricular septal defect (choice B) is characterized by a harsh holosystolic murmur, atrial septal defect (choice C) typically presents with a fixed split S2 and a pulmonary flow murmur, and coarctation of the aorta (choice D) is associated with a systolic murmur in the back and bilateral lower extremities.
5. After teaching a group of nursing students about developmental milestones for children between the ages of 1 and 4 years, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a gross motor developmental milestone that occurs between 2 to 3 years of age?
- A. Jumping in place
- B. Climbing
- C. Standing on one foot with help
- D. Riding a tricycle
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Climbing is a gross motor milestone typically achieved between 2 to 3 years of age. It involves coordination and strength. Jumping in place is usually mastered around 2 years of age. Standing on one foot with help is a skill that emerges around 3 years. Riding a tricycle typically occurs closer to 3 years and involves coordination and balance, which are more refined skills compared to climbing at an earlier age.
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