what condition is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN

1. What condition is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Severe dehydration is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children, as it leads to prerenal azotemia, which can progress to renal failure if not corrected. Other causes like pyelonephritis and tubular destruction are less common and usually secondary to other conditions.

2. A two-month-old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux is thriving without other complications. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction for a two-month-old infant with gastroesophageal reflux who is thriving without complications is to thicken the formula with rice cereal. This can help reduce reflux by increasing the weight of the formula, making it less likely to be regurgitated. Placing the infant in the Trendelenburg position after feeding (Choice A) is not recommended as it can increase the risk of aspiration. Continuous nasogastric feedings (Choice C) are not typically indicated for uncomplicated reflux in infants. Giving larger, less frequent feeds (Choice D) can worsen reflux symptoms by overloading the stomach.

3. Which condition is characterized by a 'seal-like' barking cough in children?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Croup is the correct answer. Croup is characterized by a 'seal-like' barking cough due to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airways, particularly the larynx and trachea. It is most common in young children and can cause significant respiratory distress, especially at night. Treatment often includes humidified air and corticosteroids. Asthma (choice B) typically presents with wheezing and shortness of breath, not a barking cough. Bronchitis (choice C) is characterized by productive cough with mucus, not a barking cough. Pneumonia (choice D) often presents with fever, productive cough, and chest pain, not a barking cough.

4. The nurse is testing an infant's visual acuity. By which age should the infant be able to fix on and follow a target?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By 3 to 4 months of age, an infant should be able to fix on and follow a target, indicating proper visual development.

5. The nurse is caring for a child with Meckel diverticulum. What type of stool does the nurse expect to observe?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Currant jelly-like stools, which contain blood and mucus, are characteristic of Meckel diverticulum. This symptom occurs due to the bleeding from the ectopic gastric mucosa present in the diverticulum. Steatorrhea (choice A) is not typically associated with Meckel diverticulum. Clay-colored stools (choice B) are seen in conditions affecting the biliary system. Loose stools with undigested food (choice D) may indicate malabsorption issues, but it is not specifically linked to Meckel diverticulum.

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