Nursing Elites

1. Melena, the passage of black, tarry stools, suggests bleeding from which source?

• A. The perianal or rectal area
• B. The upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract
• C. The lower GI tract
• D. Hemorrhoids or anal fissures

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Melena indicates bleeding from the upper GI tract. The black, tarry appearance of the stool results from the partial digestion of blood as it passes through the intestines, typically originating from sources like the stomach or duodenum. Lower GI bleeding usually presents as bright red blood in the stool, originating from sources like the colon or rectum. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because melena specifically points to upper GI bleeding rather than issues in the perianal/rectal area, lower GI tract, or hemorrhoids/anal fissures.

2. The mother of a 6-month-old infant has returned to work and is expressing breast milk to be frozen. She asks for directions on how to safely thaw the breast milk in the microwave. What should the nurse recommend?

• A. Heat only 10 oz or more.
• B. Do not thaw or heat breast milk in a microwave oven.
• C. Always leave the bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape.
• D. Shake the bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Thawing or heating breast milk in a microwave is not recommended because it can create hot spots that may burn the infant and destroy essential nutrients.

3. An adolescent patient wants to make decisions about treatment options, along with his parents. Which moral value is the nurse displaying when supporting the adolescent to make decisions?

• A. Justice
• B. Autonomy
• C. Beneficence
• D. Nonmaleficence

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Supporting an adolescent in making decisions about their care reflects the moral value of autonomy, emphasizing the importance of respecting the patient's right to make informed choices.

4. What is the primary treatment goal for a child with nephrotic syndrome?

• A. Reduce proteinuria
• B. Lower blood pressure
• C. Increase urine output
• D. Prevent infections

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reduce proteinuria. In nephrotic syndrome, the primary treatment goal is to reduce proteinuria to prevent further kidney damage. Lowering blood pressure (choice B) is important in managing some types of kidney disease but is not the primary treatment goal in nephrotic syndrome. Increasing urine output (choice C) and preventing infections (choice D) are important aspects of supportive care but are not the primary treatment goal for nephrotic syndrome.

5. During an otoscopic examination on an infant, in which direction is the pinna pulled?

• A. Up and back
• B. Up and forward
• C. Down and back
• D. Down and forward

Correct answer: C

Rationale: For infants, the pinna is pulled down and back to straighten the ear canal and allow proper visualization of the tympanic membrane during otoscopic examination.

Similar Questions