Nursing Elites

1. An adolescent states, “I want to be a doctor or a lawyer when I grow up because I like taking care of people.” Which Eriksonian challenge is the adolescent attempting?

• A. Identity vs. role diffusion
• B. Trust vs. mistrust
• C. Industry vs. inferiority
• D. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Identity vs. role diffusion. During adolescence, individuals face the challenge of forming a cohesive sense of self and identity. In this scenario, the adolescent's desire to become a doctor or lawyer reflects the exploration of potential roles and career paths, indicating an attempt to establish a clear identity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Trust vs. mistrust is a challenge experienced in infancy, industry vs. inferiority is relevant to the school-age period, and autonomy vs. shame and doubt is associated with the toddler stage, not adolescence.

2. According to Erikson’s developmental theory, toddlers need to be encouraged to become independent to successfully complete which developmental challenge?

• A. Trust vs. mistrust
• B. Industry vs. inferiority
• C. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
• D. Initiative vs. guilt

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Erikson's developmental stage for toddlers focuses on the conflict between developing a sense of independence (autonomy) and feelings of inadequacy (shame and doubt). Encouraging toddlers to explore their environment and make choices helps them build self-confidence and independence. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because trust vs. mistrust relates to infancy, industry vs. inferiority is associated with school-age children, and initiative vs. guilt is linked to preschoolers.

3. During a routine health assessment, the nurse notes that an 8-month-old infant has a significant head lag. Which is the most appropriate action?

• A. Recheck head control at the next visit
• B. Teach the parents appropriate exercises
• C. Schedule the child for further evaluation
• D. Refer the child for further evaluation if the anterior fontanel is still open

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Significant head lag at 8 months is concerning and warrants further evaluation, as it may indicate developmental delays or neurological issues.

4. A nurse is working with the local community on promoting physical fitness for children. The nurse encourages the community to develop programs that meet the needs of the school-aged child for physical activity, based on the understanding that this age group requires how much physical activity daily?

• A. 30 minutes
• B. 60 minutes
• C. 90 minutes
• D. 15 minutes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 60 minutes. School-aged children require at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily according to recommendations. This level of activity helps in promoting overall health, development, and well-being. Choice A (30 minutes) is incorrect as it falls short of the recommended duration. Choice C (90 minutes) is excessive and not the standard guideline for this age group. Choice D (15 minutes) is insufficient to meet the physical activity needs of school-aged children.

5. Why does the nurse have a 2-year-old boy sit in a “tailor” position while palpating for the presence of the testes?

• A. It prevents the cremasteric reflex
• B. Undescended testes can be palpated
• C. The child has an inguinal hernia
• D. The child does not yet have a need for privacy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The tailor position stretches the muscle responsible for the cremasteric reflex, preventing it from contracting and pulling the testes into the pelvic cavity. This position helps accurately palpate the testes. Choice B is incorrect because the position does not facilitate the palpation of undescended testes specifically. Choice C is incorrect as it does not relate to the rationale behind the tailor position. Choice D is incorrect as the reason for using the tailor position is not related to the child's need for privacy.

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