Nursing Elites

1. At which age do most infants begin to fear strangers?

• A. 2 months
• B. 4 months
• C. 6 months
• D. 12 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fear of strangers typically begins around 6 months as infants start recognizing familiar and unfamiliar faces, which is part of their social development.

2. The nurse is teaching parents about potential causes of colic in infancy. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session?

• A. Overeating
• B. All are applicable
• C. Frequent burping
• D. Parental smoking

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Overeating, swallowing excessive air (leading to frequent burping), and parental smoking are known to contribute to colic in infants. Understimulation is not typically associated with colic.

3. What statement best describes Hirschsprung disease?

• A. The colon has an aganglionic segment.
• B. It results in frequent evacuation of solids, liquid, and gas.
• C. The neonate passes excessive amounts of meconium.
• D. It results in excessive peristaltic movements within the gastrointestinal tract.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hirschsprung disease is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in a segment of the colon, leading to a lack of peristalsis and obstruction. The other options do not accurately describe this condition.

4. Which reflex is expected to disappear by 4 months of age?

• A. Rooting reflex
• B. Moro reflex
• C. Babinski reflex
• D. Palmar grasp

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, typically disappears by 4 months as the infant's nervous system matures. This reflex is important for assessing the development of the nervous system in newborns. The Rooting reflex (Choice A) is related to turning the head in response to cheek stimulation; the Babinski reflex (Choice C) involves the fanning of toes in response to foot stimulation; and the Palmar grasp (Choice D) is the curling of the fingers around an object placed in the infant's hand. These reflexes have different timelines for disappearance and are not typically expected to be gone by 4 months of age.

5. A mother delivers an infant at 30 weeks gestation. The mother asks the nurse for information on nutrition and if formula would be better since the baby is premature. What is the foundation for the response to the mother by the nurse?

• A. Human milk is preferred over other types of nutrition.
• B. Human milk lacks essential nutrients when the infant is preterm.
• C. Commercial infant formulas are preferred over other types of nutrition.
• D. Commercial infant formulas have not been designed to meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Human milk is the preferred food for infants, including preterm infants. It contains essential ingredients necessary for the infant's growth and development. The mother should pump her breasts to provide milk for the infant if the child is receiving enteral feedings. Once the infant can coordinate breathing, sucking, and swallowing, breastfeeding directly is encouraged. Studies have shown that preterm infants fed fortified human milk have better outcomes compared to those fed commercial infant formulas. Commercial infant formulas may not fully meet the unique nutritional needs of preterm infants, leading to potential longer hospital stays. Therefore, human milk is the best choice for feeding premature infants.

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