Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is teaching parents about the effects of media on childhood obesity. The nurse realizes the parents understand the teaching if they make which statements? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Advertising of unhealthy food can increase snacking
• B. Increased screen time may be related to unhealthy sleep
• C. There is a link between the amount of screen time and obesity
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Increased screen time is associated with unhealthy habits, such as poor sleep and snacking, which contribute to obesity, but it does not necessarily improve nutrition knowledge.

2. What approach is the most appropriate when performing a physical assessment on a toddler?

• A. Demonstrate the use of equipment
• B. Perform traumatic procedures last
• C. Use minimum physical contact initially
• D. Always proceed systematically in a head-to-toe direction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate approach when performing a physical assessment on a toddler is to use minimum physical contact initially. This helps gain the toddler's cooperation and reduces their distress. Performing traumatic procedures last is crucial as they are likely to upset the child and should be handled with care. Demonstrating the use of equipment may be complex for toddlers to understand, so it is not the most appropriate initial approach. Proceeding systematically in a head-to-toe direction is a good practice but using minimum physical contact initially is more important to establish trust and cooperation with the toddler.

3. Which vaccine is contraindicated in a child with a history of severe egg allergy?

• A. MMR
• B. Varicella
• C. Influenza
• D. Hepatitis B

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Influenza. The influenza vaccine is produced using egg-based technology, so individuals with a severe egg allergy are at risk of an allergic reaction if vaccinated with the influenza vaccine. This is due to the potential presence of egg proteins in the vaccine. Choices A, B, and D are not contraindicated in children with severe egg allergy. The MMR and Varicella vaccines do not pose a risk for children with egg allergies, and the Hepatitis B vaccine is also safe for these individuals.

4. An eleven-year-old boy is admitted with a history of type 1 diabetes. What information about school age should the nurse use to formulate the teaching plan for daily injections?

• A. The parents do not need to learn the procedure.
• B. The child is old enough to give most of his injections.
• C. Self-injections will be possible when he is closer to adolescence.
• D. The child can learn about self-injections when he is able to reach all injection sites.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: By the age of eleven, many children are capable of administering their own insulin injections with supervision, fostering independence and better management of their diabetes. This age is appropriate for the child to take on more responsibility for their care. While parental involvement is still crucial for supervision and guidance, the child can start to learn and perform the injections themselves. Choice A is incorrect because parental involvement is important for safety and proper technique. Choice C is incorrect as waiting until closer to adolescence may delay the child's ability to manage their diabetes effectively. Choice D is incorrect as reaching injection sites is not the sole criteria; proper technique and supervision are essential.

5. What is the most common cause of abdominal pain in school-aged children?

• A. Gastroenteritis
• B. Constipation
• C. Appendicitis
• D. Irritable bowel syndrome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Constipation is the most common cause of abdominal pain in school-aged children. It is often due to dietary factors such as low fiber intake or insufficient fluid consumption. Chronic constipation can lead to complications like fecal impaction and soiling, highlighting the importance of early recognition and treatment. Gastroenteritis, although common, typically presents with diarrhea and vomiting. Appendicitis is more common in adolescents and typically presents with right lower quadrant pain. Irritable bowel syndrome is less common in children and is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with defecation.

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