Nursing Elites

1. The nurse observes that a newborn is having problems after birth. What should indicate a tracheoesophageal fistula?

• A. Jitteriness
• B. Meconium ileus
• C. Excessive frothy saliva
• D. Increased need for sleep

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Excessive frothy saliva is a hallmark sign of tracheoesophageal fistula. The abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea causes difficulty in swallowing, leading to an accumulation of saliva in the mouth. This symptom is crucial for early identification and management of tracheoesophageal fistula. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not specific indicators of tracheoesophageal fistula.

2. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of intussusception in children?

• A. Bilious vomiting
• B. "Currant jelly" stools
• C. Abdominal distention
• D. Constipation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Currant jelly" stools, consisting of mucus and blood, are characteristic of intussusception in children. It occurs due to the telescoping of a segment of the intestine into an adjacent segment, leading to obstruction and subsequent mucosal ischemia, causing the passage of bloody mucus in the stool. Bilious vomiting can be seen in other conditions like bowel obstruction, abdominal distention can be present but is not as specific, and constipation is less likely in the presentation of intussusception.

3. Picking up a pencil demonstrates the ability to use which of the following?

• A. Pincer grasp
• B. Prehension
• C. Parachute reflex
• D. Grasp reflex

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Picking up a pencil requires the use of the pincer grasp, which involves the coordination of the thumb and forefinger to hold small objects. The pincer grasp is a fine motor skill essential for tasks that necessitate precision and dexterity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Prehension refers to the act of grasping or holding an object, parachute reflex is a protective response to sudden movement or loss of support, and grasp reflex is an automatic closing of the hand when an object is placed in the palm, none of which specifically relate to the action of picking up a pencil.

4. After the family, which has the greatest influence on providing continuity between generations?

• A. Race
• B. School
• C. Social Class
• D. Government

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Schools play a significant role in providing continuity between generations by imparting cultural values, social norms, and knowledge to children.

5. The nurse is preparing a child for possible alopecia from chemotherapy. What information should the nurse give regarding alopecia?

• A. Hair usually regrows in two years.
• B. When hair regrows, it may have a slightly different color or texture.
• C. Expose your head to sunlight to minimize alopecia.
• D. Wearing hats and scarves are preferred to wearing a wig.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hair loss from chemotherapy is usually temporary, and when it regrows, it may have a different color or texture. Sun exposure should be minimized, as the scalp may be more sensitive. Wearing hats and scarves can provide comfort and protection, but there is no preference over wearing a wig. Choice A is incorrect because hair regrowth after chemotherapy varies from person to person and usually occurs sooner than two years. Choice C is incorrect as sun exposure should be minimized to protect the sensitive scalp. Choice D is incorrect as the preference between wearing hats, scarves, or a wig is subjective and depends on the individual's comfort and preferences.

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