Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is preparing a child for possible alopecia from chemotherapy. What information should the nurse give regarding alopecia?

• A. Hair usually regrows in two years.
• B. When hair regrows, it may have a slightly different color or texture.
• C. Expose your head to sunlight to minimize alopecia.
• D. Wearing hats and scarves are preferred to wearing a wig.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hair loss from chemotherapy is usually temporary, and when it regrows, it may have a different color or texture. Sun exposure should be minimized, as the scalp may be more sensitive. Wearing hats and scarves can provide comfort and protection, but there is no preference over wearing a wig. Choice A is incorrect because hair regrowth after chemotherapy varies from person to person and usually occurs sooner than two years. Choice C is incorrect as sun exposure should be minimized to protect the sensitive scalp. Choice D is incorrect as the preference between wearing hats, scarves, or a wig is subjective and depends on the individual's comfort and preferences.

2. What clinical manifestation should be the most suggestive of acute appendicitis?

• A. Rebound tenderness
• B. Bright red or dark red rectal bleeding
• C. Abdominal pain that is relieved by eating
• D. Colicky, cramping abdominal pain around the umbilicus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Colicky, cramping abdominal pain around the umbilicus. This type of pain is a common early sign of acute appendicitis. Rebound tenderness, choice A, is a later sign seen in the physical examination of a patient with appendicitis. Rectal bleeding, as described in choice B, is not typically associated with appendicitis. Abdominal pain that is relieved by eating, as mentioned in choice C, is more indicative of peptic ulcer disease rather than appendicitis.

3. What is an approximate method of estimating output for a child who is not toilet trained?

• A. Have parents estimate output.
• B. Weigh diapers after each void.
• C. Place a urine collection device on the child.
• D. Have the child sit on a potty chair 30 minutes after eating.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Weighing diapers is the most accurate way to estimate urine output in a child who is not toilet trained. This method provides a measurable and reliable estimate of fluid output.

4. Using knowledge of child development, what approach is best when preparing a toddler for a procedure?

• A. Avoid asking the child to make choices.
• B. Plan for a teaching session to last about 20 minutes.
• C. Demonstrate on a doll how the procedure will be done.
• D. Show the necessary equipment without allowing child to handle it.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Demonstrating on a doll helps the toddler understand what will happen in a non-threatening way, making the procedure less intimidating. Long teaching sessions or avoiding choices can increase anxiety.

5. Which should the nurse teach to parents regarding oral health of children? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Fluoridated water should be used.
• B. Early childhood caries is a preventable disease
• C. All options are correct
• D. Dental hygiene should begin with the first tooth eruption

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fluoridated water helps prevent caries, early childhood caries is preventable, and dental hygiene should start with the first tooth eruption.

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