Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is preparing a child for possible alopecia from chemotherapy. What information should the nurse give regarding alopecia?

• A. Hair usually regrows in two years.
• B. When hair regrows, it may have a slightly different color or texture.
• C. Expose your head to sunlight to minimize alopecia.
• D. Wearing hats and scarves are preferred to wearing a wig.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Hair loss from chemotherapy is usually temporary, and when it regrows, it may have a different color or texture. Sun exposure should be minimized, as the scalp may be more sensitive. Wearing hats and scarves can provide comfort and protection, but there is no preference over wearing a wig. Choice A is incorrect because hair regrowth after chemotherapy varies from person to person and usually occurs sooner than two years. Choice C is incorrect as sun exposure should be minimized to protect the sensitive scalp. Choice D is incorrect as the preference between wearing hats, scarves, or a wig is subjective and depends on the individual's comfort and preferences.

2. A child is admitted to the hospital with acute renal failure. The parents ask about the prognosis for acute renal failure. The nurse’s response should be based on which statement about acute renal failure?

• A. Children with acute renal failure will have to take prophylactic antibiotics for life.
• B. Acute renal failure always leads to chronic renal failure.
• C. Acute renal failure may be reversible.
• D. All children with acute renal failure will eventually need a kidney transplant.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acute renal failure in children is often reversible, especially when the underlying cause is identified and treated promptly. It does not always lead to chronic renal failure or the need for a kidney transplant. Choice A is incorrect as prophylactic antibiotics for life are not a standard treatment for acute renal failure. Choice B is incorrect as acute renal failure does not always progress to chronic renal failure. Choice D is incorrect as not all children with acute renal failure will eventually require a kidney transplant.

3. You are providing a home health care assessment for a very low-income mother with three young children under 5 who all appear to be at nutritional risk. Which program would you refer them to in an attempt to reduce the risk and safeguard the health of this family?

• A. Division of Maternal and Child Health
• B. Medicaid
• C. Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children
• D. The State Children’s Health Insurance Program

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). WIC provides nutritional assistance to low-income pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and children under 5. The Division of Maternal and Child Health (Choice A) focuses on promoting the health of mothers and children but does not provide direct nutritional assistance. Medicaid (Choice B) is a health insurance program for low-income individuals but does not specifically address nutritional needs. The State Children’s Health Insurance Program (Choice D) provides health insurance for children in low-income families but does not offer nutritional support like WIC does.

4. When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize which sign or symptom as a manifestation of perforation?

• A. Anorexia
• B. Bradycardia
• C. Sudden relief from pain
• D. Decreased abdominal distention

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, sudden relief from pain is a critical sign that could indicate perforation of the appendix. Perforation results in the release of pressure and inflammation, leading to a temporary relief of pain. Anorexia (loss of appetite) and decreased abdominal distention are symptoms commonly associated with appendicitis itself, not perforation. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not typically a direct manifestation of appendicitis or its complications.

5. The nurse is testing an infant's visual acuity. By which age should the infant be able to fix on and follow a target?

• A. 1 month
• B. 1 to 2 months
• C. 3 to 4 months
• D. 6 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By 3 to 4 months of age, an infant should be able to fix on and follow a target, indicating proper visual development.

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