Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parent of a 9-month-old infant during a well-baby visit. Which topic would be most appropriate?

• A. Cautioning about putting the infant in a walker
• B. Advising how to create a toddler-safe home
• C. Instructing on safety procedures during baths
• D. Warning about leaving small objects on the floor

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because at 9 months, infants become more mobile, increasing the risk of choking hazards from small objects left on the floor. Cautioning about putting the infant in a walker (Choice A) is not as crucial at this age as warning about choking hazards. While advising how to create a toddler-safe home (Choice B) is essential, the most critical concern at 9 months is small objects. Instructing on safety procedures during baths (Choice C) is important but does not address the immediate risk of choking hazards associated with small objects.

2. Which term best describes the sharing of common characteristics that differentiate one group from other groups in a society?

• A. Race
• B. Culture
• C. Ethnicity
• D. Superiority

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ethnicity refers to the shared characteristics such as nationality, culture, language, and beliefs that differentiate one group from another.

3. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when assessing a child for hypoglycemia?

• A. Lethargy
• B. Thirst
• C. Nausea and vomiting
• D. Shaky feeling and dizziness

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Shaky feeling and dizziness.' Hypoglycemia in children often presents with symptoms like shakiness, dizziness, sweating, hunger, and irritability. These symptoms occur because the brain and body are deprived of the glucose they need to function properly. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because lethargy, thirst, nausea, and vomiting are not typically primary manifestations of hypoglycemia in children.

4. An awake, alert 4-year-old child has just arrived at the emergency department after an ingestion of aspirin at home. The practitioner has ordered activated charcoal. The nurse administers charcoal in which manner?

• A. Giving half of the solution and then repeating the other half in 1 hour
• B. Mixing with a flavorful beverage in an opaque container with a straw
• C. Serving it in a clear plastic cup so the child can see how much has been drunk
• D. Administering it through a nasogastric tube because the child will not drink it because of the taste

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mixing activated charcoal with a flavorful beverage in an opaque container can help mask the taste and encourage the child to ingest it. Using an opaque container can prevent the child from seeing the unappealing appearance of the charcoal mixture, increasing compliance.

5. What is the typical presentation of pyloric stenosis in infants?

• A. Bilious vomiting
• B. Projectile vomiting
• C. Blood in stools
• D. Failure to thrive

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Projectile vomiting. Pyloric stenosis in infants typically presents with projectile vomiting, which is forceful and projective in nature. This occurs due to the obstruction at the pylorus, leading to the stomach being unable to empty properly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Bilious vomiting is more commonly associated with intestinal obstruction, blood in stools can occur in conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis or allergic colitis, and failure to thrive is a nonspecific finding that can be seen in various pediatric conditions.

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