Nursing Elites

1. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, the school-age child is in which stage?

• A. Industry vs. inferiority
• B. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
• C. Identity vs. role diffusion
• D. Trust vs. mistrust

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Industry vs. inferiority.' According to Erikson’s theory, school-age children (approximately 6-12 years old) are in the stage of industry vs. inferiority. In this stage, children focus on developing a sense of competence and productivity. Choice B, 'Autonomy vs. shame and doubt,' is incorrect as it refers to the stage that occurs during early childhood (1-3 years old). Choice C, 'Identity vs. role diffusion,' pertains to adolescence (12-18 years old). Choice D, 'Trust vs. mistrust,' is related to the stage of infancy (0-1 year old). Therefore, option A is the most appropriate stage for school-age children in Erikson's theory.

2. The nurse is aware that skin turgor best estimates what?

• A. Perfusion
• B. Adequate hydration
• C. Amount of body fat
• D. Amount of anemia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skin turgor is a quick and simple way to assess hydration status. Poor skin turgor can indicate dehydration.

3. Parents would suspect hearing loss if their child did not:

• A. Turn away from a sound
• B. Startle with sudden loud noises immediately after birth
• C. Talk at 4 months
• D. Babble at 2 months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because babbling is an early indicator of hearing ability in infants. Lack of babbling by 2 months may suggest a potential hearing issue. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because turning away from a sound, startling with sudden loud noises immediately after birth, and talking at 4 months are not primary indicators of hearing loss in infants.

4. Urinary tract anomalies are frequently associated with what irregularities in fetal development?

• A. Myelomeningocele
• B. Cardiovascular anomalies
• C. Malformed or low-set ears
• D. Defects in lower extremities

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Malformed or low-set ears are often associated with congenital urinary tract anomalies, as both the ears and kidneys develop around the same time during fetal growth. Myelomeningocele, cardiovascular anomalies, and lower extremity defects are less commonly associated with UT anomalies.

5. At which age should the nurse expect most infants to begin to say mama and dada with meaning?

• A. 4 months
• B. 6 months
• C. 10 months
• D. 14 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By around 10 months, infants often start to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning, associating these words with their parents.

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