Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is caring for an infant whose parent reports the infant takes a bottle to go to sleep. What should the nurse instruct to prevent baby bottle tooth decay?

• A. Water
• B. Milk
• C. Iron-fortified formula
• D. Unsweetened fruit juice

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Water. Water is recommended to prevent baby bottle tooth decay caused by sugary substances present in milk, formula, or fruit juice. Water does not contain sugars that can contribute to tooth decay, unlike the other options. Milk, formula, and unsweetened fruit juice can all lead to tooth decay if the baby falls asleep with them in their mouth, as the sugars can linger on the teeth and cause decay over time. Iron-fortified formula, although beneficial for the infant's nutrition, still contains sugars that can be harmful to the teeth.

2. Studies suggest that leukoplakia is resolved by excess vitamin A (a fat-soluble vitamin), retinoids, and beta-carotene. Leukoplakia is a white plaque that forms on oral mucous membranes.

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Both statements are false. Studies suggest that leukoplakia, a white plaque that forms on oral mucous membranes, can be resolved by vitamin A, retinoids, and beta-carotene. Despite the potential to resolve leukoplakia, relapse is common. Also pertinent, evidence does not indicate that any of these nutrients prevent malignant transformation. The extract provided clarifies that leukoplakia is a white plaque, not an erythematous lesion, and that vitamin A, retinoids, and beta-carotene can help resolve it.

3. An emerging technique in screening for Breast Cancer in developing countries like the Philippines is:

• A. Mammography once a year starting at the age of 50
• B. Clinical BSE Once a year
• C. BSE Once a month
• D. Pap smear starting at the age of 18 or earlier if sexually active

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

4. What is the absorbable unit of a protein?

• A. Amino acid
• B. Pepsin
• C. Glucose
• D. Sucrose

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Amino acids are the correct answer because they are the building blocks of proteins that the body absorbs after digestion. Pepsin, choice B, is incorrect as it is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of proteins, not the absorbable unit of them. Choices C and D, glucose and sucrose, are wrong because they are types of sugars, not proteins.

5. Health practitioners evaluate disease progression in HIV-infected patients by measuring the concentrations of helper T cells and circulating virus, called _____.

• A. cross resistance
• B. the immune response
• C. acquired resistance
• D. the viral load

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The viral load is the measure of the amount of circulating virus in the blood and is used to evaluate the progression of HIV infection.

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