foods or supplements that contain significant amounts of plant sterols can help lower ldl cholesterol levels by

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023 Test Bank

1. How do foods or supplements containing significant amounts of plant sterols help lower LDL cholesterol levels?

A. reducing cholesterol synthesis
B. suppressing inflammation
C. reducing blood clotting
D. interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Plant sterols interfere with cholesterol and bile absorption in the intestines. This interference helps lower LDL cholesterol levels by reducing the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because plant sterols primarily work by interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption, not by reducing cholesterol synthesis, suppressing inflammation, or reducing blood clotting.

2. What is the absorbable unit of a protein?

A. Amino acid
B. Pepsin
C. Glucose
D. Sucrose

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Amino acids are the correct answer because they are the building blocks of proteins that the body absorbs after digestion. Pepsin, choice B, is incorrect as it is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of proteins, not the absorbable unit of them. Choices C and D, glucose and sucrose, are wrong because they are types of sugars, not proteins.

3. Reducing the amount of trans fat in the diet is an effective method of decreasing the risk of CHD. Which food is most likely a source of trans fat?

A. hot dogs
B. whole milk
C. fatty fish
D. potato chips

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: potato chips. Potato chips, especially when fried in hydrogenated oils, are a common source of trans fats, which are linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Hot dogs (choice A) can also contain trans fats if made with processed meats and added fats. Whole milk (choice B) and fatty fish (choice C) do not typically contain trans fats, making them less likely sources compared to potato chips.

4. When counseling a teenager about fast food, a dental hygienist could correctly cite which of the following facts, with one exception. Which is the exception?

A. Most fast food menus lack a rich source of vitamin A
B. Consumer demands have driven the establishment of salads and other healthy menu items
C. Shortages of biotin, folate, pantothenic acid, and copper are reported in fast foods
D. Studies reveal that protein is lacking in most menu items

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D'. Fast food is generally not deficient in protein since it often contains meat, a significant source of protein. On the other hand, fast food is known to lack essential nutrients like Vitamin A and certain minerals, as mentioned in choices 'A' and 'C'. Choice 'B' is also accurate as many fast food establishments have started offering healthier options such as salads due to customer demands. Therefore, all options are true except 'D', which makes it the exception.